CNMD
CNMD (chondromodulin, also known as chondromodulin-1, CHM-I, CHM1, LECT1, BRICD3 and MYETS1) is a secreted bifunctional growth regulator. It promotes chondrocyte growth and inhibits angiogenesis, linking cartilage development to control of vascularisation. Browse Assay Genie's current range of CNMD research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
CNMD is a bifunctional growth regulator. In cultured cells it stimulates the growth of chondrocytes in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), but inhibits the growth of vascular endothelial cells. It also inhibits in vitro tube formation and mobilisation of endothelial cells. These activities suggest a role in the rapid growth of cartilage and in vascular invasion before cartilage is replaced by bone during endochondral bone development. In cardiac valves, CNMD acts as an antiangiogenic factor that suppresses neovascularisation.
The CNMD gene encodes a glycosylated transmembrane precursor that is cleaved to give a mature, secreted protein. The C-terminus of the precursor contains the 25 kDa mature protein, known as leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-1 or chondromodulin-1. The N-terminus shares characteristics with surfactant proteins and is sometimes called chondrosurfactant protein, although no biological activity has yet been defined for it. UniProt places the protein in the chondromodulin-1 family, and HGNC classifies it in the BRICHOS domain containing gene group. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. The mouse and rat orthologues are both named Cnmd.
The gene is expressed in the avascular zone of prehypertrophic cartilage, and its expression decreases during chondrocyte hypertrophy and vascular invasion. The mature protein is thought to permit cartilaginous anlagen to be vascularised and replaced by bone, and it may be involved more broadly in controlling tissue vascularisation during development. Previous names include multiple myeloma tumour suppressor 1 (MYETS1) and leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 1 (LECT1).
CNMD is proposed to contribute to cartilage growth and to the vascular invasion that precedes replacement of cartilage by bone.
The mature protein inhibits endothelial cell growth, tube formation and mobilisation in vitro, making it a model antiangiogenic factor.
CNMD stimulates chondrocyte growth in the presence of FGF and is expressed in the avascular zone of prehypertrophic cartilage.
CNMD acts as an antiangiogenic factor in cardiac valves, where it suppresses neovascularisation.
CNMD is a secreted bifunctional growth regulator. It stimulates chondrocyte growth in the presence of basic FGF but inhibits vascular endothelial cell growth, tube formation and mobilisation. It is thought to support endochondral bone development and to suppress neovascularisation in cardiac valves.
CNMD is also called chondromodulin-1, CHM-I, CHM1, BRICD3, MYETS1 and LECT1. UniProt names the protein leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 1. Alternative splicing of the gene produces multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms, and the precursor is cleaved to give a mature secreted protein.
Orthologues exist in mouse and rat, both named Cnmd. The source data link CNMD mainly to development, including endochondral bone formation and control of tissue vascularisation. The older name multiple myeloma tumour suppressor 1 is recorded, but no further disease association is given here. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other BRICHOS-domain proteins, angiogenesis regulators and cartilage biology markers with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt O75829; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.