STX1A
STX1A (syntaxin 1A, also known as HPC-1, p35-1 and STX1) is a member of the syntaxin family and a core component of the SNARE machinery. It supports calcium-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones at the presynaptic plasma membrane. Browse Assay Genie's current range of STX1A research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
STX1A plays an essential role in calcium-dependent exocytosis and endocytosis of hormones and neurotransmitters. It forms part of the SNARE (Soluble NSF Attachment Receptor) complex together with SNAP25 and VAMP2, which mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. STX1A and SNAP25 sit on the plasma membrane, while VAMP2 resides in synaptic vesicles. The three SNAREs pair from their N-terminal SNARE motifs to their C-terminal anchors, forming the SNARE complex, which brings the membranes into close proximity and drives final fusion.
The STX1A gene encodes a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Syntaxins are nervous system-specific proteins implicated in the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Each possesses a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE domain known as H3, and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). The STX1A protein binds synaptotagmin in a calcium-dependent fashion and interacts with voltage-dependent calcium and potassium channels through its C-terminal H3 domain, making it a key molecule in ion channel regulation and synaptic exocytosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported.
Beyond the synapse, STX1A participates in calcium-dependent regulation of acrosomal exocytosis in sperm and in the exocytosis of hormones such as insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Its UniProt subcellular locations include the synaptic vesicle membrane, synaptosome and cell membrane. The gene was previously named syntaxin 1A (brain) and is known by the aliases HPC-1, p35-1 and STX1.
STX1A pairs with SNAP25 and VAMP2 to form the SNARE complex that fuses synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane.
As a key molecule in synaptic exocytosis, STX1A binds synaptotagmin in a calcium-dependent manner, linking calcium signals to release.
The C-terminal H3 domain of STX1A interacts with voltage-dependent calcium and potassium channels, making it relevant to channel regulation studies.
STX1A contributes to exocytosis of insulin and GLP-1 and to calcium-dependent acrosomal exocytosis in sperm.
STX1A is a SNARE protein that supports calcium-dependent exocytosis and endocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones. With SNAP25 and VAMP2 it forms the SNARE complex, which brings synaptic vesicle and presynaptic plasma membranes together so that they can fuse.
STX1A is also called HPC-1, p35-1 and STX1, and was previously named syntaxin 1A (brain). UniProt lists the protein as Syntaxin-1A. NCBI Gene reports that alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms exist for this gene.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have an orthologous gene, Stx1a. STX1A belongs to the syntaxin family, whose members share a C-terminal transmembrane domain, an H3 SNARE domain and an N-terminal Habc regulatory domain. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other syntaxin family members and syntaxin-binding proteins involved in vesicle fusion and exocytosis.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q16623; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.