MX1
MX1 (MX dynamin like GTPase 1) is an interferon-induced, dynamin-like GTPase that restricts a wide range of RNA viruses and some DNA viruses. It is also known as MxA or IFI-78K, and takes part in the cellular antiviral response. Browse Assay Genie's current range of MX1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
MX1 is an interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPase with antiviral activity against a wide range of RNA viruses and some DNA viruses. Its targets include negative-stranded RNA viruses and HBV, which it restricts through binding and inactivation of the viral ribonucleocapsid. It may also antagonise the replication of reoviridae and asfarviridae. The mechanism varies by virus. MX1 inhibits thogoto virus replication by preventing nuclear import of viral nucleocapsids, and inhibits La Crosse virus by sequestering viral nucleoprotein in perinuclear complexes, which blocks genome amplification, budding and egress. Against influenza A virus it decreases or delays NP synthesis and blocks endocytic traffic of incoming virus particles. MX1 also enhances ER stress-mediated cell death after influenza virus infection, and may regulate the calcium channel activity of TRPCs.
The MX1 gene encodes a GTP-metabolising protein that is induced by both type I and type II interferons. The protein belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily and the Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family, and HGNC places it in the MX dynamin like GTPase family. It is found in the cytoplasm, the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the perinuclear region and the nucleus. A related gene lies adjacent to it on chromosome 21, and multiple pseudogenes are clustered on chromosome 4. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants.
The gene was originally named for its role in resistance to influenza: previous names include myxovirus (influenza) resistance 1 and interferon-inducible protein p78, a homologue of the murine protein. Mouse and rat orthologues are both designated Mx1. Current aliases include MxA, IFI-78K and lncMX1-215.
MX1 is a classic interferon-stimulated effector that restricts many RNA viruses and some DNA viruses, making it a useful readout of antiviral responses.
Induction by type I and type II interferons makes MX1 a practical marker for studying interferon-driven gene expression.
MX1 blocks endocytic traffic of incoming influenza A particles and delays NP synthesis, so it features in studies of viral restriction.
As a member of the dynamin superfamily, MX1 is studied for GTP-dependent mechanisms of capturing viral nucleocapsids and nucleoproteins.
MX1 is an interferon-induced GTPase that inhibits viral replication. It binds and inactivates the ribonucleocapsid of negative-stranded RNA viruses and HBV, blocks nuclear import of thogoto virus nucleocapsids, and interferes with influenza A virus entry traffic and NP synthesis.
MX1 is also called MxA, IFI-78K and lncMX1-215. Earlier names include myxovirus (influenza) resistance 1 and interferon-inducible protein p78. UniProt lists the protein as Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1. Alternative splicing gives multiple transcript variants.
Mouse and rat both have an Mx1 orthologue. In humans a related gene sits next to MX1 on chromosome 21, and multiple pseudogenes are clustered on chromosome 4. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other MX family members and related targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P20591; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.