GBP2
GBP2 (guanylate binding protein 2) is an interferon-inducible GTPase that contributes to innate immunity against bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens. It hydrolyses GTP, mainly to GDP, and belongs to the guanylate binding protein family. Browse Assay Genie's current range of GBP2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
GBP2 is an interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPase with an important role in innate immunity against a diverse range of bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens. It hydrolyses GTP to GMP in two consecutive cleavage reactions, although the major reaction product is GDP. After infection, GBP2 is recruited to pathogen-containing vacuoles or to bacteria that have escaped the vacuole, where it acts as a positive regulator of inflammasome assembly.
It does this by promoting lysis of pathogen-containing vacuoles, releasing pathogens into the cytosol, and then by promoting recruitment of proteins that mediate bacterial cytolysis. This liberates ligands that inflammasomes detect, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which activates the non-canonical CASP4/CASP11 inflammasome, or double-stranded DNA, which activates the AIM2 inflammasome. GBP2 also confers protection against the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Independently of its GTPase activity, it inhibits the infectivity of viruses including HIV-1, Zika and influenza A by blocking FURIN-mediated maturation of viral envelope proteins.
The GBP2 gene belongs to the guanine-binding protein family of interferon-induced proteins that bind GMP, GDP and GTP. The protein is classed in the TRAFAC dynamin-like GTPase superfamily, GB1/RHD3 GTPase family, GB1 subfamily, and is found at cytoplasmic vesicle and Golgi membranes, in the cytoplasm and in the perinuclear region. NCBI notes it may serve as a marker of squamous cell carcinomas. Its previous HGNC name was guanylate binding protein 2, interferon-inducible.
GBP2 is an interferon-induced GTPase that helps defend cells against diverse bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens.
GBP2 promotes release of ligands such as LPS and dsDNA, activating the non-canonical CASP4/CASP11 and AIM2 inflammasomes.
GBP2 inhibits HIV-1, Zika and influenza A infectivity by blocking FURIN-mediated maturation of viral envelope proteins, independently of GTPase activity.
NCBI Gene reports that GBP2 may play a role as a marker of squamous cell carcinomas.
GBP2 is an interferon-inducible GTPase that hydrolyses GTP, mainly to GDP. It is recruited to pathogen-containing vacuoles, promotes their lysis and helps release inflammasome ligands from bacteria. It also protects against Toxoplasma gondii and inhibits several viruses by interfering with FURIN-mediated envelope protein maturation.
The HGNC-approved name is guanylate binding protein 2, and UniProt lists it as Guanylate-binding protein 2. A previous HGNC name was guanylate binding protein 2, interferon-inducible. No alternative gene symbols are recorded. It belongs to the HGNC gene group of guanylate binding proteins.
Mouse and rat both have a Gbp2 ortholog. The source annotation refers to the CASP4/CASP11 inflammasome, which reflects the human and mouse caspase counterparts. Researchers should check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other guanylate binding proteins from the same interferon-inducible GTPase family with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P32456; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.