STING1
STING1 (stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1, also known as STING, TMEM173, MITA, MPYS, ERIS and NET23) is a five-transmembrane pattern recognition receptor. It detects cytosolic nucleic acids and signals to activate type I interferon responses during viral and bacterial infection. Browse Assay Genie's current range of STING1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
STING1 is a major regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The encoded protein is a pattern recognition receptor that detects cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate type I interferon responses. Its ability to sense cytosolic DNA is central to antiviral defence, and this activity is antagonised by viral oncoproteins such as the papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and the adenovirus early E1A protein, which prevent the sensing of cytosolic DNA.
The STING1 gene encodes a five-transmembrane protein that belongs to the STING family. UniProt records a broad membrane distribution, including the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, the Golgi apparatus and trans-Golgi network, autophagosome, endosome and lysosome membranes, the mitochondrial outer membrane and the cell membrane, as well as a perinuclear cytoplasmic pool. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Orthologs are annotated in mouse and rat, both named Sting1.
Beyond interferon signalling, the protein has been shown to play a role in apoptotic signalling through association with type II major histocompatibility complex. Mutations in the gene cause infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy. The protein is also known as stimulator of interferon genes protein, and the gene was previously named transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173); the aliases MITA, MPYS, ERIS and NET23 appear throughout the literature. Researchers studying STING1 commonly work with the protein, gene and related detection reagents in infection, immunity and inflammation models.
STING1 is a pattern recognition receptor that senses cytosolic nucleic acids and drives type I interferon responses to infection.
Viral oncoproteins such as HPV E7 and adenovirus E1A antagonise STING1-dependent sensing of cytosolic DNA, making it a focus for host-pathogen studies.
STING1 has been shown to associate with type II major histocompatibility complex and contribute to apoptotic signalling.
Mutations in the STING1 gene cause infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy, linking the protein to inflammatory disease research.
STING1 is a pattern recognition receptor that detects cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate type I interferon responses. This makes it a major regulator of innate immunity against viral and bacterial infections. It also contributes to apoptotic signalling through association with type II major histocompatibility complex.
STING1 is also called STING, TMEM173, MITA, MPYS, ERIS and NET23, and the protein is named stimulator of interferon genes protein in UniProt. TMEM173 (transmembrane protein 173) is the previous HGNC symbol and name. Alternate splicing gives multiple transcript variants.
Orthologs are annotated in mouse and rat, both called Sting1, so rodent models are widely used. Mutations in the human gene cause infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other innate immune sensors, interferon pathway proteins and signalling targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q86WV6; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.