ACP1
ACP1 (acid phosphatase 1) is a cytoplasmic low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase, also known as LMW-PTP, LMWPTP or HAAP. It hydrolyses protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate, and also acts as an acid phosphatase on orthophosphoric monoesters. Browse Assay Genie's current range of ACP1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
ACP1 belongs to the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family. According to the NCBI Gene summary, the enzyme functions both as a protein tyrosine phosphatase and as an acid phosphatase. As a protein tyrosine phosphatase it hydrolyses protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate. It also hydrolyses orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and orthophosphate, which accounts for its classification as an acid phosphatase.
The human ACP1 gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein of 158 amino acids. HGNC places it in the class II Cys-based phosphatases and in the wider acid phosphatase group. The gene is genetically polymorphic: three common alleles segregate at the locus and give rise to six phenotypes. Each allele appears to encode at least two electrophoretically distinct isozymes, Bf and Bs, which are produced in allele-specific ratios. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have also been described, so the ACP1 protein is best considered as a set of related forms rather than a single product.
The official name has been acid phosphatase 1, previously written as acid phosphatase 1, soluble. In the literature the protein is usually called LMW-PTP or LMWPTP, with HAAP as a further alias. Orthologues are annotated in mouse and rat, both under the symbol Acp1, which allows comparative work in rodent models. ACP1 is one of several genes with an ACP symbol, but it is distinct from the lysosomal, prostatic and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases encoded by ACP2, ACP3 and ACP5.
ACP1 hydrolyses protein tyrosine phosphate, making it a model low molecular weight enzyme for studying reversible tyrosine phosphorylation in the cytoplasm.
Its dual activity on phosphotyrosine proteins and orthophosphoric monoesters makes ACP1 useful for work on phosphatase catalysis and substrate specificity.
Three common alleles and six phenotypes make the ACP1 locus a classical subject for population genetics and isozyme studies.
Alternatively spliced variants encode distinct isoforms, and allele-specific Bf and Bs isozyme ratios provide a framework for studying isoform regulation.
ACP1 is a cytoplasmic phosphatase. It hydrolyses protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate, acting as a protein tyrosine phosphatase. It also hydrolyses orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and orthophosphate, so it behaves as an acid phosphatase as well.
ACP1 is also called LMW-PTP, LMWPTP and HAAP, and its UniProt name is low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase. Earlier it was named acid phosphatase 1, soluble. Alternatively spliced transcripts encode distinct isoforms, and each allele appears to encode Bf and Bs isozymes.
Mouse and rat both carry an orthologue named Acp1. In humans the gene is genetically polymorphic, with three common alleles giving six phenotypes. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity before using it in a given species.
Other acid phosphatases and related phosphatase targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P24666; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.