ACP3
ACP3 (acid phosphatase 3), also known as prostatic acid phosphatase, PAP, ACPP, ACP-3 and TM-PAP, is a histidine acid phosphatase secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. It catalyses the hydrolysis of orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and orthophosphate. Browse Assay Genie's current range of ACP3 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
ACP3 encodes an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate (EC 3.1.3.2). It belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family and sits in the HGNC acid phosphatases gene group. The protein is synthesised under androgen regulation and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland.
The ACP3 gene produces more than one form of the protein. An alternatively spliced transcript variant encodes a longer isoform that contains a transmembrane domain. This isoform, often called TM-PAP, is localised to the plasma membrane-endosomal-lysosomal pathway. UniProt records the protein in several compartments: secreted, cell membrane, lysosome membrane, nucleus and cytosol. Mouse and rat both carry an orthologous Acp3 gene.
Beyond its phosphatase activity, ACP3 has a role in microbial infection research. In semen, the protein forms amyloid beta-sheet fibrils termed SEVI (semen-derived enhancer of viral infection). These fibrils capture HIV virions, attach them to target cells and enhance infection, and they similarly boost XMRV (xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus) infection. SEVI fibrils are degraded by the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Assembly of the fibrils and their amplification of HIV infection is inhibited by the hexapeptide WW61, and surfen inhibits target cell attachment and enhancement of infection. The gene has previously been named acid phosphatase, prostate, and the symbols ACPP and PAP remain in wide use.
ACP3 is secreted by prostate gland epithelial cells under androgen regulation, making it a relevant protein for studying prostate-specific gene expression.
As a histidine acid phosphatase that hydrolyses orthophosphoric monoesters, ACP3 is a model for studying acid phosphatase catalysis and family relationships.
ACP3 forms SEVI amyloid fibrils that capture HIV virions and enhance infection, as well as boosting XMRV infection.
The transmembrane isoform localises to the plasma membrane-endosomal-lysosomal pathway, offering a route to study isoform-specific trafficking.
ACP3 is an acid phosphatase that catalyses the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is secreted by prostate epithelial cells under androgen regulation. In semen it can also form SEVI amyloid fibrils that enhance HIV infection.
ACP3 is also called prostatic acid phosphatase, PAP, ACPP, ACP-3 and TM-PAP, and was previously named acid phosphatase, prostate. An alternatively spliced transcript encodes a longer isoform with a transmembrane domain, localised to the plasma membrane-endosomal-lysosomal pathway.
Yes. Mouse and rat each have an orthologous gene named Acp3. Researchers working with these species should check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity before use.
Other members of the acid phosphatase gene group with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P15309; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.