MRPS31
MRPS31 (mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31, also known as mS31 or IMOGN38) is a protein of the small 28S subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. It contributes to protein synthesis inside the mitochondrion and has been associated with type 1 diabetes. Browse Assay Genie's current range of MRPS31 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
MRPS31 is a component of the mitochondrial ribosome, or mitoribosome, which carries out protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitoribosomes consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit, and MRPS31 is one of the proteins that make up the 28S subunit. The 28S subunit of the mammalian mitoribosome may play a crucial and characteristic role in translation initiation.
Like other mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, the MRPS31 gene is located in the nucleus, and its product is directed to the mitochondrion. The protein belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS31 family. HGNC classifies it among the mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and, more specifically, the small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. Mouse and rat both have an orthologous Mrps31 gene. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene have been found on chromosomes 3 and 13, which is worth bearing in mind when designing nucleic acid based assays for the MRPS31 gene.
Mitoribosomes differ from prokaryotic ribosomes in several ways. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition, whereas the ratio is reversed in prokaryotes, and they lack the 5S rRNA found in prokaryotic ribosomes. The proteins that make up the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence between species, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. MRPS31 has also been associated with type 1 diabetes, although its relationship to the aetiology of that disease remains to be clarified.
MRPS31 is part of the 28S subunit of the mitoribosome, which synthesises proteins within the mitochondrion.
As a small subunit protein, MRPS31 helps researchers study how the 28S subunit is composed and how it may shape translation initiation.
MRPS31 has been associated with type 1 diabetes, though its role in the aetiology of the disease remains to be clarified.
Mitoribosomal proteins differ greatly in sequence between species, making MRPS31 and its mouse and rat orthologs useful for cross-species comparison.
MRPS31 is a protein of the small 28S subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome, which synthesises proteins within the mitochondrion. The 28S subunit may play a crucial and characteristic role in translation initiation. The gene is nuclear-encoded and the protein localises to the mitochondrion.
MRPS31 stands for mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31. Aliases include IMOGN38 and mS31, and UniProt names the product small ribosomal subunit protein mS31. HGNC places it in the small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal proteins group.
MRPS31 has been associated with type 1 diabetes, although its relationship to the aetiology of the disease remains to be clarified. Mouse and rat have orthologous Mrps31 genes. Mitoribosomal proteins differ greatly in sequence between species, so check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal proteins that, with MRPS31, form the 28S mitoribosome subunit.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q92665; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.