CSNK1D
CSNK1D (casein kinase 1 delta, also known as CKIdelta, CKID and HCKID) is an essential serine/threonine-protein kinase of the casein kinase 1 family. It regulates Wnt signalling, DNA repair, growth and survival, and is a central component of the circadian clock. Browse Assay Genie's current range of CSNK1D research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
CSNK1D is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates diverse cellular growth and survival processes, including Wnt signalling, DNA repair and circadian rhythms. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential use of acidic proteins, such as caseins, as substrates. The enzyme can phosphorylate a large number of proteins, among them connexin-43/GJA1, MAP1A, SNAPIN, MAPT/TAU, TOP2A, DCK, HIF1A, EIF6, p53/TP53, DVL2, DVL3, ESR1, AIB1/NCOA3, DNMT1, PKD2, YAP1, PER1 and PER2.
In the circadian clock, CSNK1D acts in balance with PP1 to set period length by controlling the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation, and it controls their nuclear transport and degradation. Other substrate effects are well described: YAP1 phosphorylation promotes SCF(beta-TRCP)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, DNMT1 phosphorylation reduces its DNA-binding activity, ESR1 and AIB1/NCOA3 phosphorylation stimulates their activity, and EIF6 phosphorylation promotes its nuclear export. Phosphorylation of DVL2 and DVL3 regulates WNT3A signalling that controls neurite outgrowth. The kinase also triggers down-regulation of dopamine receptors in the forebrain, regulates fast glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission, and may regulate mitotic spindle formation in extravillous trophoblast.
The CSNK1D gene encodes a member of the CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family, casein kinase I subfamily, formerly named casein kinase 1, delta. The encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, centrosome, spindle, Golgi apparatus and cell membrane. NCBI also links it to apoptosis, microtubule dynamics, chromosome segregation and p53-mediated effects on growth. It is highly similar to the mouse and rat CK1 delta homologues (Csnk1d), and three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported.
CSNK1D phosphorylates PER1 and PER2, and together with PP1 determines circadian period length by controlling their nuclear transport and degradation.
Phosphorylation of DVL2 and DVL3 by CSNK1D regulates the WNT3A pathway that controls neurite outgrowth.
The kinase acts on TOP2A, p53/TP53 and DNMT1, linking it to DNA repair, replication and p53-mediated effects on growth.
CSNK1D regulates fast glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission and triggers down-regulation of dopamine receptors in the forebrain.
CSNK1D is an essential serine/threonine-protein kinase that phosphorylates many substrates. It regulates Wnt signalling, DNA repair and growth and survival, and is a central component of the circadian clock, where it controls PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation, nuclear transport and degradation.
CSNK1D is the HGNC symbol for casein kinase 1 delta, previously casein kinase 1, delta. Aliases include HCKID, CKID and CKIdelta, and UniProt names the protein casein kinase I isoform delta. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
Yes. NCBI reports that the encoded protein is highly similar to the mouse and rat CK1 delta homologues, both named Csnk1d. This supports its use in rodent models; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other casein kinase family members and related serine/threonine kinases with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P48730; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.