PPP4C
PPP4C (protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit, also known as PP4 or PPX) is a serine/threonine phosphatase of the PPP family. It acts in centrosomal microtubule organisation, DNA repair, checkpoint signalling and inflammatory signalling. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PPP4C research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PPP4C is the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4), a serine/threonine phosphatase that removes phosphate groups from substrate proteins. It is involved in many processes, including microtubule organisation at centrosomes, maturation of spliceosomal snRNPs, apoptosis, DNA repair, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha signalling, activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK8, regulation of histone acetylation, DNA damage checkpoint signalling, NF-kappa-B activation and cell migration.
Specific substrates depend on the regulatory subunits that PPP4C partners with. The PPP4C-PPP4R1 complex may dephosphorylate and regulate HDAC3. The PPP4C-PPP4R2-PPP4R3A complex dephosphorylates H2AX phosphorylated on Ser-140 (gamma-H2AX), which is generated during DNA replication and is required for double-strand break repair. PPP4C also dephosphorylates NDEL1 at CDK1 phosphorylation sites and negatively regulates CDK1 activity in interphase. After DNA damage it dephosphorylates RPA2, a step that allows efficient RPA2-mediated recruitment of RAD51 to chromatin. Consistent with this, NCBI Gene describes a role in regulating double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
The PPP4C gene encodes a member of the PPP phosphatase family, in the PP-4 (PP-X) subfamily, and sits within the HGNC group of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits. The protein is found in the cytoplasm, the nucleus and at the centrosome, and has also been located to chromatin and nucleoplasm. Earlier names include protein phosphatase 4 (formerly X), catalytic subunit, which explains the PPX alias. Mouse and rat both carry a Ppp4c ortholog.
PPP4C dephosphorylates gamma-H2AX and RPA2, steps linked to double-strand break repair and RAD51 recruitment to chromatin.
PPP4C contributes to microtubule organisation at centrosomes and negatively regulates CDK1 activity in interphase through NDEL1 dephosphorylation.
PPP4C is implicated in TNF-alpha signalling, NF-kappa-B activation and activation of the MAPK8 kinase, making it relevant to stress and inflammatory pathways.
PPP4C complexes may regulate HDAC3 and histone acetylation, and PPP4C takes part in the maturation of spliceosomal snRNPs.
PPP4C is the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4. It removes phosphate groups from serine and threonine residues on substrates such as gamma-H2AX, RPA2 and NDEL1, supporting DNA repair, checkpoint signalling, centrosome function and NF-kappa-B and TNF-alpha signalling.
PPP4C is also called PP4 and PPX. Earlier HGNC names were protein phosphatase 4 (formerly X), catalytic subunit. UniProt lists it as serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit, and it carries the EC number 3.1.3.16.
PPP4C belongs to the PPP phosphatase family, in the PP-4 (PP-X) subfamily. Mouse and rat each have a Ppp4c ortholog, so it is commonly studied in rodent systems. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other PPP-family phosphatase catalytic and regulatory subunits with research reagents at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P60510; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.