NLRP4
NLRP4 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 4, also known as PYPAF4, NALP4, PAN2 and CLR19.5) is a member of the NLRP family of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors. It acts as a negative regulator of type I interferon signalling and of NF-kappaB induction. Browse Assay Genie's current range of NLRP4 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
NLRP4 may be involved in inflammation and in the recognition of cytosolic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are not intercepted by membrane-bound receptors. Its best-defined role is as a brake on innate immune signalling. It negatively regulates the type I interferon pathway by serving as an adapter that promotes DTX4-mediated ubiquitination of activated TBK1, which leads to the degradation of TBK1. NLRP4 also suppresses NF-kappaB induction by the cytokines TNFA and IL1B, which suggests that it acts at a point where these two signalling pathways converge.
The NLRP4 gene encodes a member of the nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) family. The protein is predicted to contain an N-terminal pyrin effector domain (PYD), a central nucleotide-binding and oligomerisation domain (NACHT) and C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRR). RefSeq describes a demonstrated role for NLRP4 as a negative regulator of autophagy and of type I interferon signalling, resulting from protein interactions with its NACHT domain. The PYD has been shown to be important in the inhibition of NF-kappaB.
The gene has also been known as PYPAF4, PAN2, RNH2, CLR19.5, CT58, FLJ32126 and NALP4, and its earlier name was NACHT, leucine rich repeat and PYD containing 4. HGNC places it in the NLR family and the pyrin domain containing group. The mouse ortholog is listed as Nlrp4e. Other NLRP proteins, such as NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6 and NLRP12, are often studied alongside it when researchers compare how the family handles innate immune sensing.
NLRP4 promotes DTX4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of activated TBK1, so it is relevant to studies of how type I interferon signalling is restrained.
NLRP4 suppresses NF-kappaB induction by TNFA and IL1B, and its PYD is important for this inhibition, making it a tool for dissecting pathway convergence.
NLRP4 has a demonstrated role as a negative regulator of autophagy through protein interactions with its NACHT domain.
NLRP4 may take part in inflammation and in recognising cytosolic PAMPs not intercepted by membrane-bound receptors, which makes it relevant to NLR family biology.
NLRP4 is mainly a negative regulator of innate immune signalling. It acts as an adapter that promotes DTX4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of activated TBK1, which dampens type I interferon signalling. It also suppresses NF-kappaB induction by TNFA and IL1B, and may contribute to inflammation and PAMP recognition.
NLRP4 is also called PYPAF4, NALP4, PAN2, RNH2, CLR19.5, CT58 and FLJ32126. Its full name is NLR family pyrin domain containing 4, and its UniProt protein name is NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 4. It belongs to the NLRP family.
The mouse ortholog listed for human NLRP4 is Nlrp4e. No rat ortholog is given in the data used here. Orthologs may differ in sequence and function, so check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other NLRP family members and innate immune sensors that are often studied alongside NLRP4.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q96MN2; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.