LILRA2
LILRA2 (leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor A2, also known as LIR-7, ILT1, CD85h and LIR7) is an activating immunoreceptor that takes part in innate immune responses against microbial infection. It recognises N-terminally truncated immunoglobulins generated by bacterial and fungal proteases. Browse Assay Genie's current range of LILRA2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
LILRA2 acts as a sensor of microbial proteolytic activity. It specifically recognises a set of N-terminally truncated immunoglobulins produced when proteases from pathogenic bacteria and fungi, including L. pneumophila, M. hyorhinis, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and C. albicans, cleave antibodies. The receptor recognises epitopes lying in part in the variable region of immunoglobulin light chains, but also needs the constant region for signalling. It binds a subset of cleaved IgM, IgG3 and IgG4 molecules, does not bind cleaved IgA1, and does not bind class I MHC antigens.
Ligand binding activates neutrophils. In monocytes, activation leads to release of CSF2, CF3, IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL3, and down-regulates responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), possibly through reduced TLR4 expression and signalling. In eosinophils, ligand binding triggers release of RNASE2, IL-4 and leukotriene C4. UniProt lists the protein at the cell membrane and as a secreted form.
The LILRA2 gene encodes a member of a family of immunoreceptors expressed predominantly on monocytes and B cells, and at lower levels on dendritic cells and natural killer cells. According to the NCBI Gene summary, the encoded activating receptor inhibits dendritic cell differentiation and antigen presentation and suppresses innate immune responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. The gene sits in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 19, with a pseudogene on chromosome 3. HGNC places it in the CD molecules group and the activating leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptors group; a previous name was leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily A (with TM domain), member 2.
LILRA2 detects cleaved immunoglobulins as a signature of bacterial and fungal protease activity, making it a model for innate recognition of infection.
Ligand engagement activates neutrophils and drives monocyte release of CSF2, IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL3, allowing study of myeloid cell responses.
Activation of LILRA2 down-regulates responses to LPS, possibly via reduced TLR4 expression and signalling, linking it to cross-talk between innate receptors.
LILRA2 triggers release of RNASE2, IL-4 and leukotriene C4 in eosinophils and inhibits dendritic cell differentiation and antigen presentation.
LILRA2 is an activating receptor in innate immunity. It recognises N-terminally truncated immunoglobulins produced by microbial proteases, and binding activates neutrophils, prompts cytokine release from monocytes and triggers mediator release from eosinophils. It also dampens responses to bacterial LPS in monocytes.
LILRA2 is also called LIR-7, LIR7, ILT1 and CD85h. Its earlier HGNC name was leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily A (with TM domain), member 2. NCBI Gene reports alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms.
The LILRA2 gene lies in a cluster of related genes on chromosome 19, and a pseudogene exists on chromosome 3. Mouse and rat orthologs are not defined in the data supplied, so check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other activating leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors from the same gene cluster on chromosome 19.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q8N149; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.