PLD3
PLD3 (phospholipase D family member 3, HU-K4) is a member of the phospholipase D family, annotated as a 5'-3' exonuclease. It can also catalyse glycerol transfer between lysophosphatidylglycerol and monoacylglycerol, a reaction that yields bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PLD3 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PLD3 can alternatively catalyse transphosphatidylation, transferring a glycerol group between (S,R)-lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) and monoacylglycerol (MAG). The reaction is characterised by an R-to-S stereo-inversion. This inversion is essential because it makes the (S,S)-bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates (BMPs) that are produced resistant to lysosomal degradation. These BMPs are phospholipids required for the formation of lysosomal intralumenal vesicles (ILVs), where lipid degradation can occur.
The PLD3 gene encodes a member of the phospholipase D (PLD) family of enzymes, which catalyse the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. The encoded PLD3 protein is a single-pass type II membrane protein and contains two PLD phosphodiesterase domains. UniProt places it in the lysosome lumen and in endosome membranes, including early and late endosomes, as well as the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus membranes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found that encode the same protein. Mouse and rat both have a Pld3 ortholog. HGNC lists the gene among the phospholipases and among microRNA protein coding host genes.
PLD3 influences the processing of amyloid-beta precursor protein, and mutations in the gene are associated with Alzheimer disease risk. This makes the PLD3 protein of interest in neurodegeneration research as well as in lysosomal lipid biology. The enzyme was previously named phospholipase D3, and HU-K4 is a recorded alias. Other family members, such as PLD1 and PLD2, are covered separately.
Mutations in the PLD3 gene are associated with Alzheimer disease risk, and the protein influences amyloid-beta precursor protein processing.
PLD3 catalyses glycerol transfer that forms bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates, phospholipids needed for lysosomal intralumenal vesicles.
PLD3 is found in lysosome lumen and in early and late endosome membranes, making it relevant to endolysosomal compartments.
As a phospholipase D family member with two PLD phosphodiesterase domains, PLD3 allows comparison with related enzymes such as PLD1 and PLD2.
PLD3 is a phospholipase D family member annotated as a 5'-3' exonuclease. It can also transfer a glycerol group between lysophosphatidylglycerol and monoacylglycero, producing bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates that resist lysosomal degradation and are needed for intralumenal vesicle formation. It also influences amyloid-beta precursor protein processing.
PLD3 is the HGNC symbol for phospholipase D family member 3. Previous names are phospholipase D3 and phospholipase D family, member 3, and HU-K4 is a listed alias. UniProt names the protein 5'-3' exonuclease PLD3. Transcript variants reported for the gene encode the same protein.
Mutations in the PLD3 gene are associated with Alzheimer disease risk. Orthologs exist in mouse and rat, both named Pld3. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other phospholipase D family members with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q8IV08; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.