TPH1
TPH1 (tryptophan hydroxylase 1, also known as TPRH or TPH) is a biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase that oxidises L-tryptophan to 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. It catalyses the rate-limiting step in serotonin biosynthesis. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TPH1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TPH1 oxidises L-tryptophan to 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. This reaction is the first and rate-determining step in the biosynthesis of serotonin, which acts as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter. Because the step limits flux through the pathway, the TPH1 enzyme is a central point of control for serotonin production and a frequent subject of study in serotonin biology.
The TPH1 gene encodes a member of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family, and the protein belongs to the biopterin-dependent branch of that family. The enzyme is classified as EC 1.14.16.4. Mouse and rat both carry an orthologous gene, Tph1, which allows the pathway to be studied in rodent models. A second gene, TPH2, is a related target in the same area of serotonin synthesis. Researchers working with the TPH1 protein or the TPH1 gene often consider it alongside TPH2.
The gene has been known by the aliases TPRH and TPH, and its earlier HGNC name was tryptophan hydroxylase (tryptophan 5-monooxygenase). NCBI Gene reports that mutations in TPH1 have been associated with an elevated risk for a variety of diseases and disorders. These include schizophrenia, somatic anxiety, anger-related traits, bipolar disorder, suicidal behaviour and addictions, among others. This makes TPH1 a recurring candidate in genetic and neurobiological studies of serotonin-related traits.
TPH1 catalyses the first and rate-limiting step of serotonin synthesis, making it a key enzyme for studying how the pathway is controlled.
Serotonin is an important hormone and neurotransmitter, so TPH1 is relevant to work on its production and signalling.
Mutations in TPH1 are linked to elevated risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety, suicidal behaviour and addictions.
As a biopterin-dependent member of its family, TPH1 is used in comparative studies of aromatic amino acid hydroxylation.
TPH1 oxidises L-tryptophan to 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. This is the first and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin, an important hormone and neurotransmitter. The enzyme is a biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, classified as EC 1.14.16.4.
TPH1 is also known as TPRH and TPH. Its full name is tryptophan hydroxylase 1, and UniProt lists it as tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1. An earlier HGNC name was tryptophan hydroxylase (tryptophan 5-monooxygenase). TPH2 is a related gene in the serotonin synthesis area.
Mouse and rat each have an orthologue named Tph1; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity. In humans, TPH1 mutations are associated with elevated risk of schizophrenia, somatic anxiety, bipolar disorder, suicidal behaviour, addictions and other conditions.
Related enzymes in serotonin biosynthesis with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P17752; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.