TRIM25
TRIM25 (tripartite motif containing 25) is a RING-type E3 ubiquitin and ISG15 ligase of the TRIM family that contributes to antiviral innate immunity. It is also known as EFP, RNF147 and ZNF147, and has been described as an RNA binding protein. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TRIM25 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TRIM25 functions as both a ubiquitin E3 ligase and an ISG15 E3 ligase. In innate immune defence against viruses it mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of RIGI, acting on its N-terminal CARD-like region, and of IFIH1. This may contribute to the signal transduction that leads to interferon production in response to viral infection. TRIM25 also promotes ISGylation of 14-3-3 sigma (SFN), an adapter protein involved in a broad range of signalling pathways, and is essential for the antiviral activity of ZAP/ZC3HAV1, whose 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination is required for optimal binding to target mRNA.
Beyond antiviral signalling, TRIM25 mediates oestrogen action in various target organs and drives the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ZFHX3. It helps restart stalled replication forks by interacting with the KHDC3L-OOEP scaffold and ubiquitinating BLM, which recruits and retains BLM at the fork. It also ubiquitinates substrates linked to stress granule formation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, nucleoside synthesis, and mRNA translation and stability. It takes part in suppressing autophagy by ubiquitinating and degrading p62/SQSTM1. The protein is found in the cytoplasm, stress granules and nucleus.
The TRIM25 gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, whose motif comprises a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2 zinc-binding domain plus a coiled-coil region. HGNC places it among RING finger E3 ubiquitin protein ligases and among microRNA protein coding host genes. Earlier names include zinc finger protein 147 (oestrogen-responsive finger protein), reflected in the alias EFP. A mouse ortholog, Trim25, is recorded.
TRIM25 ubiquitinates RIGI and IFIH1 and supports ZAP/ZC3HAV1 activity, making it central to studies of interferon production and the response to viral infection.
As an E3 ligase for both ubiquitin and ISG15, TRIM25 is a model for studying 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination and ISGylation of substrates such as SFN.
TRIM25 ubiquitinates BLM through the KHDC3L-OOEP scaffold, promoting restart of stalled replication forks and retention of BLM at these sites.
TRIM25 degrades p62/SQSTM1 to suppress autophagy and ubiquitinates substrates involved in stress granule formation and mRNA stability.
TRIM25 is a ubiquitin and ISG15 E3 ligase. It mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of RIGI and IFIH1 in antiviral defence, supports ZAP/ZC3HAV1 activity, ubiquitinates BLM at stalled replication forks, and degrades p62/SQSTM1 to suppress autophagy.
TRIM25 is also called EFP, RNF147 and ZNF147. The EFP alias comes from the earlier name zinc finger protein 147 (oestrogen-responsive finger protein). UniProt lists the protein as E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25, and HGNC gives the full name tripartite motif containing 25.
A mouse ortholog, Trim25, is recorded for the human gene. TRIM25 belongs to the tripartite motif family, defined by RING, B-box type 1, B-box type 2 and coiled-coil regions. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other TRIM family E3 ligases involved in innate immunity, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q14258; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.