ST3GAL4
ST3GAL4 (ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4, also known as STZ, SAT3, SIAT4C and CGS23) is a Golgi sialyltransferase that adds terminal sialic acid to glycoproteins and glycolipids through an alpha2-3 linkage. It has major roles in haemostasis and leukocyte adhesion. Browse Assay Genie's current range of ST3GAL4 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
ST3GAL4 is a beta-galactoside alpha2-3 sialyltransferase involved in the terminal sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. It catalyses the transfer of sialic acid (N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, Neu5Ac) from the nucleotide sugar donor CMP-Neu5Ac onto Galbeta-(1->3)-GalNAc- and Galbeta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-terminated glycoconjugates. In haemostasis, it sialylates plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF), which prevents recognition by asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) and subsequent clearance, and it also regulates ASGPR-mediated clearance of platelets.
The enzyme takes part in the biosynthesis of sialyl Lewis X epitopes on both O- and N-glycans. These epitopes are recognised by E-selectin, P-selectin and L-selectin, and ST3GAL4 is essential for selectin-mediated rolling and adhesion of leukocytes during extravasation. It also contributes to neutrophil adhesion and transendothelial migration, likely through terminal sialylation of CXCR2. In glycosphingolipid biosynthesis it sialylates GM1 and GA1 gangliosides to form GD1a and GM1b, metabolises the brain c-series ganglioside GT1c to GQ1c, and synthesises ganglioside LM1, a major structural component of peripheral nerve myelin.
The ST3GAL4 gene belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family and is classed by HGNC among the sialyltransferases. The protein is targeted to Golgi membranes but may be proteolytically processed and secreted, and the gene may contribute to the raised sialyl Lewis X expression seen in inflammatory responses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported. Earlier names include sialyltransferase 4C. Mouse and rat both carry an orthologous St3gal4 gene.
ST3GAL4 sialylates plasma VWF and regulates ASGPR-mediated clearance of platelets, making it a focus for studies of von Willebrand factor turnover.
By building sialyl Lewis X epitopes recognised by selectins, ST3GAL4 supports leukocyte rolling, adhesion and extravasation during inflammatory responses.
ST3GAL4 contributes to neutrophil adhesion and transendothelial migration, likely through terminal sialylation of CXCR2.
The enzyme forms GD1a, GM1b, GQ1c and the myelin component LM1, so it is relevant to glycosphingolipid and nerve myelin research.
ST3GAL4 transfers sialic acid from CMP-Neu5Ac onto Galbeta-(1->3)-GalNAc- and Galbeta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-terminated glycoconjugates via an alpha2-3 linkage. This sialylation affects VWF clearance, sialyl Lewis X formation, leukocyte adhesion and ganglioside synthesis.
Aliases include STZ, SAT3, FLJ11867, CGS23, SIAT4, NANTA3 and SIAT4C. An earlier HGNC name was sialyltransferase 4C. The UniProt name is CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
Yes. Mouse and rat each have an orthologous gene named St3gal4. Human ST3GAL4 belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family, so check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other sialyltransferases involved in glycoprotein and glycolipid sialylation with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q11206; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.