DUOX2
DUOX2 (dual oxidase 2, also known as P138-TOX, THOX2 and LNOX2) is a glycoprotein member of the NADPH oxidase family that generates hydrogen peroxide. This peroxide supports thyroid hormone synthesis and antimicrobial defence at mucosal surfaces. Browse Assay Genie's current range of DUOX2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
DUOX2 generates hydrogen peroxide, which is required for the activity of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and lactoperoxidase (LPO). In this way it contributes to thyroid hormone synthesis and to lactoperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial defence at the surface of mucosa. DUOX2 also synthesises NAADP from its reduced form, NAADPH, and this promotes Ca(2+) signalling during T cell activation. It may have its own peroxidase activity through its N-terminal peroxidase-like domain.
The protein is a glycoprotein and a member of the NADPH oxidase family. It is called dual oxidase because it combines a peroxidase homology domain, placed in the N-terminal section and related to the peroxidase family, with a gp91phox domain. HGNC places the DUOX2 gene in the EF-hand domain containing, flavoprotein, NADH oxidase and dual oxidase gene groups. UniProt records its locations as the apical cell membrane and cell junction.
In the thyroid, hormone synthesis is catalysed by a protein complex at the apical membrane of follicular cells. This complex contains an iodide transporter, thyroperoxidase and a peroxide-generating system made up of DUOX2 and DUOX1. The alternative names THOX2 (thyroid oxidase 2) and LNOX2 reflect early descriptions of the protein, and P138-TOX is another recorded alias. Researchers studying DUOX2 often work alongside DUOX1, its paralogue in the peroxide-generating system.
DUOX2 is part of the peroxide-generating system at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells that supports thyroperoxidase activity.
Hydrogen peroxide from DUOX2 is needed for lactoperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial defence at the surface of mucosa.
DUOX2 synthesises NAADP from NAADPH, promoting Ca(2+) signalling during T cell activation.
With a peroxidase-like domain and a gp91phox domain, DUOX2 is a useful model of dual-domain NADPH oxidase function.
DUOX2 generates hydrogen peroxide, which thyroid peroxidase and lactoperoxidase need for activity. It therefore contributes to thyroid hormone synthesis and mucosal antimicrobial defence. It also makes NAADP from NAADPH to promote Ca(2+) signalling in activated T cells.
DUOX2 stands for dual oxidase 2. Recorded aliases are P138-TOX, P138(TOX), THOX2 and LNOX2. The name dual oxidase refers to its two domains: a peroxidase homology domain and a gp91phox domain, as in the NADPH oxidase family.
DUOX1 and DUOX2 together form the peroxide-generating system of the thyroid hormone synthesis complex. A rat ortholog, Duox2, is recorded; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
DUOX1, the partner peroxide-generating oxidase in the thyroid hormone synthesis complex, with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9NRD8; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.