SCD
SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase, also known as SCD1, FADS5 and SCDOS) is an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that introduces the first double bond into saturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates. It plays a central role in lipid biosynthesis and in body energy homeostasis. Browse Assay Genie's current range of SCD research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
SCD is a stearoyl-CoA desaturase that uses molecular oxygen (O2) and electrons from reduced cytochrome b5 to introduce the first double bond into saturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates. It catalyses the insertion of a cis double bond at the delta-9 position of fatty acyl-CoAs, including palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA, giving rise to a mixture of 16:1 and 18:1 unsaturated fatty acids. NCBI Gene describes the enzyme as involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, primarily the synthesis of oleic acid.
Beyond this core reaction, SCD plays an important role in lipid biosynthesis and contributes to the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids, cholesterol esters and triglycerides. It is also described as important in regulating the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, in regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and in body energy homeostasis. These roles make the SCD protein a frequent subject in studies of lipid metabolism.
The protein is an integral membrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum and belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family. The SCD gene sits in the HGNC group of fatty acid desaturases. Transcripts of approximately 3.9 and 5.2 kb have been detected, differing only in their alternative polyadenylation signals. A gene encoding a similar enzyme is located on chromosome 4, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 17.
The gene has carried several names. Previous symbols include FADS5, SCD1 and SCDOS, and earlier names include stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9-desaturase) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase opposite strand. The rat ortholog is called Scd1.
SCD introduces the first double bond into saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, making it a key enzyme in the synthesis of oleic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids.
SCD is described as important in regulating the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, so it is relevant to studies of lipid synthesis control.
SCD plays a role in regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, linking desaturation to how cells handle fatty acid breakdown.
SCD contributes to body energy homeostasis and to the production of membrane phospholipids, cholesterol esters and triglycerides.
SCD uses O2 and electrons from reduced cytochrome b5 to insert a cis double bond at the delta-9 position of saturated fatty acyl-CoAs such as palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA. This gives a mixture of 16:1 and 18:1 fatty acids and supports lipid biosynthesis and energy homeostasis.
SCD is also known as SCD1, FADS5 and SCDOS. Earlier HGNC names include stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9-desaturase) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase opposite strand. The UniProt entry for the protein is stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and the enzyme is classified as EC 1.14.19.1.
The rat ortholog is Scd1. NCBI Gene notes that a gene encoding a similar enzyme is located on chromosome 4 and that a pseudogene of this gene is on chromosome 17. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other fatty acid desaturases, lipogenesis enzymes and lipid metabolism targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt O00767; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.