PTPN4
PTPN4, also known as PTPMEG, is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that removes phosphate groups from tyrosine residues. It contributes to immune regulation, neuronal homeostasis, learning and synaptic plasticity. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PTPN4 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PTPN4 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 4) is a phosphatase that plays a role in immunity, learning, synaptic plasticity and cell homeostasis. In neurons it helps maintain homeostasis by protecting cells against apoptosis. In innate immune signalling, it negatively regulates TLR4-induced interferon beta production by dephosphorylating the adapter TICAM2, which inhibits the subsequent TRAM-TRIF interaction. It also dephosphorylates the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of the TCR zeta subunit, so it acts as a negative regulator of TCR-mediated signalling. It may also act at junctions between the membrane and the cytoskeleton.
The PTPN4 gene encodes a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, in the non-receptor class subfamily. PTPs are signalling molecules that regulate cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, the mitotic cycle and oncogenic transformation. The protein has a C-terminal PTP domain and an N-terminal domain homologous to the band 4.1 superfamily of cytoskeleton-associated proteins. HGNC also places it in the PDZ domain containing and FERM domain containing gene groups. UniProt records its localisation to the cell membrane, the cytoskeleton and the cytoplasm.
PTPN4 has been shown to interact with the glutamate receptor delta 2 and epsilon subunits. It is thought to contribute to signalling downstream of glutamate receptors through tyrosine dephosphorylation. The earlier name, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 4 (megakaryocyte), gave rise to the alias PTPMEG. Researchers studying phosphotyrosine signalling in neurons and immune cells use PTPN4 antibody, PTPN4 ELISA kit and PTPN4 protein reagents to investigate this enzyme.
PTPN4 dephosphorylates the ITAMs of the TCR zeta subunit and negatively regulates TCR-mediated signalling.
PTPN4 dephosphorylates TICAM2 and limits TRAM-TRIF interaction, reducing TLR4-induced interferon beta production.
PTPN4 regulates neuronal cell homeostasis by protecting neurons against apoptosis.
PTPN4 interacts with glutamate receptor delta 2 and epsilon subunits and is thought to act downstream through tyrosine dephosphorylation.
PTPN4 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in immunity, learning, synaptic plasticity and cell homeostasis. It protects neurons against apoptosis and negatively regulates TCR signalling by dephosphorylating TCR zeta ITAMs. It also limits TLR4-induced interferon beta production by acting on TICAM2.
PTPN4 is also known as PTPMEG, and its full name is protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 4. An earlier HGNC name added the word megakaryocyte in brackets. UniProt lists the protein as tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 4.
A mouse ortholog, Ptpn4, is recorded in the data for this target, so mouse studies can address PTPN4 biology. No rat ortholog is listed in the data supplied. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases involved in immune and growth factor signalling.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P29074; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.