MAD2L1
MAD2L1 (mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1, also known as MAD2 or HSMAD2) is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. It helps prevent anaphase onset until every chromosome is properly attached to the mitotic spindle. Browse Assay Genie's current range of MAD2L1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
MAD2L1 is a component of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and delays chromosome segregation until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. The MCC consists of CDC20, MAD2L1/MAD2, BUB1B/BUBR1 and BUB3, and is a key player in the spindle assembly checkpoint. APC/C bound by the MCC is inactive, which delays the metaphase/anaphase transition. When the checkpoint is silenced, the MCC-APC/C complex recruits the E2 enzyme UBCH10 and triggers auto-ubiquitination of CDC20 within the MCC, reactivating APC/C so the cell can enter anaphase.
The MAD2L1 protein can adopt an open (O-MAD2) and a closed (C-MAD2) conformation. In the closed form it forms a heterotetrameric complex with MAD1L1 at unattached kinetochores during prometaphase. This complex recruits open-conformation MAD2L1 molecules and promotes their conversion to the closed form. Consistent with these roles, UniProt reports the protein in the nucleus, at the centromere kinetochore, in the cytoplasm and at the spindle pole.
The MAD2L1 gene is in the HORMA domain containing group, and the protein belongs to the MAD2 family. Its previous HGNC name was MAD2 (mitotic arrest deficient, yeast, homolog)-like 1. NCBI notes that MAD2L1 is related to the MAD2L2 gene on chromosome 1, and that a MAD2 pseudogene has been mapped to chromosome 14. The mouse ortholog is Mad2l1.
MAD2L1 is a core component of the checkpoint that prevents anaphase onset until all chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate.
MAD2L1 joins CDC20, BUB1B/BUBR1 and BUB3 in the MCC, making it central to studies of APC/C inhibition.
At unattached kinetochores in prometaphase, closed MAD2L1 complexes with MAD1L1 and promotes conversion of open MAD2L1 to the closed form.
By delaying the metaphase/anaphase transition, MAD2L1 helps ensure chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before segregation.
MAD2L1 is a component of the mitotic checkpoint complex, which inhibits APC/C and delays chromosome segregation until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle. This holds the cell at the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle assembly checkpoint is silenced.
MAD2L1 is also known as MAD2 and HSMAD2, and UniProt names the protein mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A. The previous HGNC name was MAD2 (mitotic arrest deficient, yeast, homolog)-like 1. It should not be confused with the related gene MAD2L2.
The mouse ortholog is Mad2l1, and the human protein's name reflects its relation to the yeast MAD2 gene. The protein belongs to the MAD2 family. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
MAD1L1, the related MAD2L2 and other proteins with similar names that have pages at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q13257; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.