PRM2
PRM2 (protamine 2, also known as CT94.2) is a nuclear DNA-binding protein of the protamine P2 family. It replaces histones in sperm chromatin during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and compacts the genome into a dense, stable and inactive complex. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PRM2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PRM2 is a protamine, one of the major DNA-binding proteins in the nucleus of sperm in many vertebrates. During the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, protamines substitute for histones in sperm chromatin. They compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex, packaging it into a volume less than 5% of that of a somatic cell nucleus. The protein is found in the nucleus, where it is associated with chromosomes.
The PRM2 gene encodes protamine 2, which belongs to the protamine P2 family and sits in the HGNC protamine family gene group. The precursor is cleaved to give rise to a family of protamine 2 peptides, so researchers working with the PRM2 protein should consider both the precursor and its processed forms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have also been reported for the PRM2 gene.
Many mammalian species have only one protamine, protamine 1 (PRM1). A few species, including human and mouse, have two, and in these species PRM1 and PRM2 act together in sperm chromatin. The mouse and rat orthologues are both named Prm2. Because of its role in packaging the paternal genome, PRM2 is a common subject in studies of spermatogenesis and sperm chromatin organisation. It is distinct from the PRMT enzymes, which are protein arginine methyltransferases and not protamines.
PRM2 acts during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, when protamines replace histones in sperm chromatin.
Protamines compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex, making PRM2 central to chromatin packaging studies.
Human and mouse have two protamines, so PRM2 is studied alongside PRM1 in work on sperm nuclear composition.
Protamine 2 is cleaved into a family of protamine 2 peptides, which makes processing a relevant topic.
PRM2 is a protamine that substitutes for histones in sperm chromatin during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. Together with other protamines, it compacts sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex within the sperm nucleus.
PRM2 is also called protamine 2, Protamine-2 and CT94.2. The protein is cleaved to give a family of protamine 2 peptides, and alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for the gene.
Mouse and rat both have a Prm2 orthologue. Many mammals have only protamine 1, but human and mouse have two protamines, PRM1 and PRM2. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
PRM1, the partner protamine in human and mouse sperm chromatin, and PRMT arginine methyltransferases with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P04554; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.