PD-L1
PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, encoded by CD274) is an immune inhibitory receptor ligand of the B7 family. Also known as B7-H1, B7H1, PDL1, B7-H and PDCD1LG1, it restrains T-cell activation through its receptor PD-1. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PD-L1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PD-L1 is a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1, also called PD-1. Their interaction inhibits T-cell activation and cytokine production, and suppresses the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). During infection or inflammation of normal tissue, this interaction helps prevent autoimmunity by maintaining homeostasis of the immune response. Tumours can exploit the same PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway to attenuate anti-tumour immunity, escape destruction by the immune system and so facilitate their own survival.
The CD274 gene encodes a type I transmembrane protein with immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains. It belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and the B7 family, and is classed by HGNC among CD molecules and receptor ligands. PD-L1 is expressed by haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells, including T cells and B cells, as well as various types of tumour cell. UniProt records it at the cell membrane, in early and recycling endosome membranes, the endomembrane system and the nucleus, and as a secreted form. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants. The mouse ortholog is Cd274.
The protein has also been catalogued as programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and CD274 antigen, with PDCD1LG1 as a previous gene symbol. Blocking the PDCD1-mediated pathway reverses the exhausted T-cell phenotype and normalises the anti-tumour response, which provides the rationale for cancer immunotherapy. Expression of the PD-L1 gene in tumour cells is considered prognostic in many human malignancies, including colon cancer and renal cell carcinoma.
Blocking the PDCD1-mediated pathway reverses T-cell exhaustion and normalises anti-tumour responses, providing the rationale for checkpoint-directed immunotherapy.
In the tumour microenvironment, PD-L1 engagement of its receptor inactivates cytotoxic T cells, giving tumour cells a route to immune escape.
PD-L1 expression in tumour cells is considered prognostic in many human malignancies, including colon cancer and renal cell carcinoma.
PD-L1 signalling maintains immune homeostasis during infection or inflammation of normal tissue, helping to prevent autoimmunity.
PD-L1 is an immune inhibitory ligand that binds PD-1 (PDCD1) on T cells, inhibiting T-cell activation, cytokine production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector function. This maintains immune homeostasis in healthy tissue, but tumours can exploit it to escape immune destruction.
The gene symbol is CD274. Aliases include B7-H1, B7H1, B7-H, PDL1 and PDCD1LG1, and older names are programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and CD274 antigen. Alternative splicing of the gene produces multiple transcript variants. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Yes. Tumour-cell expression of PD-L1 is considered prognostic in many human malignancies, including colon cancer and renal cell carcinoma, and its pathway underlies cancer immunotherapy. The mouse ortholog is Cd274. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other CD molecules, immune receptors and ligands with research reagents at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9NZQ7; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.