APOO
APOO (apolipoprotein O) is a member of the apolipoprotein family and a subunit of the MICOS complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it is also known as MIC26. It is additionally known as MICOS26, Mic23, My025, MGC4825 and FAM121B. Browse Assay Genie's current range of APOO research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
APOO is a component of the MICOS complex, a large protein assembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane that maintains crista junctions, inner membrane architecture and contact sites with the outer membrane. Within this complex, the protein plays a crucial role in crista junction formation and mitochondrial function. It has also been reported to promote cardiac lipotoxicity by enhancing mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid metabolism in cardiac myoblasts, and to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells.
The protein has a dual character. Besides its mitochondrial role, it is detected in HDL, LDL and VLDL lipoproteins and is characterised by chondroitin-sulfate glycosylation. It is secreted by a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP)-dependent mechanism, probably as a VLDL-associated protein that is subsequently transferred to HDL. UniProt lists localisation to the mitochondrion inner membrane, the secreted compartment, the Golgi apparatus membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. It belongs to the apolipoprotein O/MICOS complex subunit Mic27 family. The mouse ortholog is Apoo.
The APOO gene is a member of the apolipoprotein family, whose members are involved in the transport and metabolism of lipids. HGNC places it in both the apolipoproteins and the MICOS subunit gene groups, and its previous name was family with sequence similarity 121B (FAM121B). NCBI Gene notes that the protein may help prevent lipid accumulation in the myocardium in obese and diabetic patients. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants, and pseudogenes are found on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 12 and 16.
As a MICOS subunit, APOO contributes to crista junction formation, inner membrane architecture and contact sites with the outer membrane.
APOO can promote cardiac lipotoxicity by enhancing mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid metabolism in cardiac myoblasts.
APOO is detected in HDL, LDL and VLDL and promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells.
APOO may help prevent lipid accumulation in the myocardium in obese and diabetic patients, making it relevant to metabolic disease studies.
APOO is a subunit of the MICOS complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it supports crista junction formation and mitochondrial function. It also promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages and is secreted in association with lipoproteins, probably on VLDL before transfer to HDL.
The gene was first named family with sequence similarity 121B (FAM121B), then apolipoprotein O after its lipoprotein association. Its role in the MICOS complex gave the names MIC26 and MICOS26. Other aliases include Mic23, My025 and MGC4825. Alternative splicing yields multiple transcript variants.
A mouse ortholog, Apoo, is recorded. NCBI Gene notes the protein may help prevent myocardial lipid accumulation in obese and diabetic patients, and UniProt reports it can promote cardiac lipotoxicity. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other apolipoproteins, MICOS complex subunits and lipid-transport proteins with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9BUR5; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.