APOA5
APOA5 (apolipoprotein A5, also known as apolipoprotein A-V, APOA-V or RAP3) is a minor apolipoprotein associated mainly with HDL. It is an important determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, acting on both lipoprotein lipase activity and hepatic VLDL production. Browse Assay Genie's current range of APOA5 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
APOA5 is a minor apolipoprotein found mainly on HDL and, to a lesser extent, on VLDL. It may also associate with chylomicrons. Its central role is in controlling plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, and it does so in two ways. It is a potent stimulator of apo-CII-dependent lipoprotein lipase (LPL) triglyceride hydrolysis, and it inhibits the hepatic VLDL-TG production rate without affecting the VLDL-apoB production rate. The protein activates lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) only poorly and does not enhance cholesterol efflux from macrophages. It also binds heparin.
The APOA5 gene encodes a secreted protein that is also reported in early and late endosomes and in the trans-Golgi network. It belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family and sits in the HGNC apolipoprotein gene group, alongside related proteins such as ApoA1, APOA2 and APOA4. The gene lies close to the apolipoprotein gene cluster on chromosome 11q23. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, and all encode the same protein. Mouse and rat both have an Apoa5 ortholog, which makes rodent models a practical choice for lipid metabolism studies.
Plasma triglycerides are a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, and APOA5 is a recognised regulator of them. Mutations in the APOA5 gene have been associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipoproteinemia type 5. The protein is highly similar to a rat protein that is upregulated in response to liver injury, which is the origin of the alias RAP3. Researchers studying lipoprotein metabolism often measure APOA5 using an APOA5 antibody or an APOA5 ELISA kit.
APOA5 is an important determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, through stimulation of LPL-mediated hydrolysis and inhibition of hepatic VLDL-TG production.
APOA5 associates mainly with HDL and to a lesser extent with VLDL, and may also associate with chylomicrons, making it useful for studying lipoprotein composition.
Plasma triglycerides are a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, and APOA5 is a recognised regulator of those levels.
Mutations in the APOA5 gene have been associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipoproteinemia type 5.
APOA5 is a minor apolipoprotein that helps set plasma triglyceride levels. It stimulates apo-CII-dependent LPL triglyceride hydrolysis and inhibits hepatic VLDL-TG production without affecting VLDL-apoB production. It activates LCAT poorly, does not enhance macrophage cholesterol efflux, and binds heparin.
APOA5 is the HGNC symbol for apolipoprotein A5, also called apolipoprotein A-V (UniProt name). Aliases include RAP3 and APOA-V. RAP3 reflects its similarity to a rat protein upregulated after liver injury. Alternatively spliced transcripts encode the same protein.
Mouse and rat both carry an Apoa5 ortholog. In humans, APOA5 mutations have been associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipoproteinemia type 5. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other apolipoprotein family members involved in HDL and lipid metabolism research.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q6Q788; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.