NLRP6
NLRP6 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 6, also known as PYPAF5, PAN3, CLR11.4 and NALP6) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor of the NLRP family. It acts as the sensor component of the NLRP6 inflammasome, which drives IL-1β and IL-18 maturation and supports intestinal host defence. Browse Assay Genie's current range of NLRP6 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
NLRP6 is the sensor of the NLRP6 inflammasome, a supramolecular complex that assembles in the cytosol in response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals. As a pattern recognition receptor, it binds lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). It may also bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS), although LPS is probably not a major activator. After LTA or dsRNA binding, NLRP6 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation, an essential step in forming the polymeric inflammasome. The complex recruits the pro-inflammatory caspases CASP1 and/or CASP4, which catalyse maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. It can also form an ASC (PYCARD)-dependent inflammasome in response to microbiota-associated metabolites.
The functions described for NLRP6 centre on the intestine. The inflammasome helps maintain epithelial integrity, supports gut mucosal self-renewal and proliferation, and regulates mucus secretion in an inflammasome- and autophagy-dependent manner to limit invasion by enteric bacteria. Together with DHX15, it recognises viral dsRNA to restrict enteric viruses through the interferon pathway and GSDMD-dependent release of IL-18. It also helps prevent Cryptosporidium infection in enterocytes. During systemic bacterial infection, it negatively regulates neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. An inflammasome-independent role in peripheral nerve recovery after injury has also been proposed.
The NLRP6 gene is also described as binding arginine-vasopressin, possibly in renal salt-water balance. It mediates colonic inflammatory responses that allow recovery from epithelial damage, and protects against tumorigenesis and colitis. The protein can increase NF-κB activation, CASP1 activation through ASC, and cAMP accumulation. Two transcript variants encode different isoforms. Previously named NACHT, leucine rich repeat and PYD containing 6, the gene has mouse and rat orthologs, both named Nlrp6.
NLRP6 contributes to epithelial integrity and host defence against microbial infection in the intestine, including Gram-positive bacteria, enteric viruses and Cryptosporidium.
NLRP6 assembles an inflammasome that recruits CASP1 and CASP4 to mature and release IL-1β and IL-18, making it a model for sensor activation.
NLRP6 mediates colonic inflammatory responses that allow recovery from epithelial damage and protects against colitis and tumorigenesis.
The NLRP6 inflammasome senses microbiota-associated metabolites and regulates mucus secretion and antimicrobial peptides, shaping gut microbiota composition.
NLRP6 is the sensor of the NLRP6 inflammasome. It binds ligands such as lipoteichoic acid and viral dsRNA, then assembles a complex that recruits CASP1 and/or CASP4 to mature IL-1β and IL-18. It is central to epithelial integrity and defence against infection in the intestine.
NLRP6 is also known as PYPAF5, PAN3, CLR11.4 and NALP6. Its earlier HGNC name was NACHT, leucine rich repeat and PYD containing 6. NCBI Gene reports two transcript variants that encode different isoforms.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have an ortholog named Nlrp6, and the human protein belongs to the NLRP family. Much of the intestinal function described for NLRP6 comes from these shared inflammasome mechanisms; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other NLRP family members and inflammasome-related targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P59044; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.