ISG20
ISG20 (interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20) is an interferon-induced antiviral exoribonuclease that acts mainly on single-stranded RNA. It is also known as HEM45 and CD25, and belongs to the exonuclease superfamily. Browse Assay Genie's current range of ISG20 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
ISG20 is an interferon-induced exoribonuclease that acts mainly on single-stranded RNA, with 3'-5' exonuclease activity and RNA binding activity. It exhibits antiviral activity against RNA viruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). For some viruses, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), inhibition does not involve degradation of viral RNAs but instead the inhibition of translation of viral proteins.
The protein exerts translational control over a large panel of non-self RNA substrates while sparing endogenous transcripts. This activity correlates with its ability to localise in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies). ISG20 may also act as a master regulator of over a hundred interferon stimulated genes, leading to inhibition of viral genome translation. Additional roles have been proposed in the maturation of snRNAs and rRNAs, and in ribosome biogenesis. Consistent with these functions, UniProt records the ISG20 protein in the nucleus, nucleolus, Cajal body, cytoplasm and P-bodies.
The ISG20 gene is classed by HGNC in the exonuclease gene group, and the encoded enzyme carries the EC number 3.1.13.1. The gene was previously named interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa, and has the aliases HEM45 and CD25. NCBI Gene links it to defence response to virus, negative regulation of viral genome replication and DNA catabolic process. A mouse ortholog, Isg20, is annotated, which makes the gene accessible to comparative work on interferon-driven antiviral responses.
ISG20 is an interferon-induced exoribonuclease with activity against RNA viruses including HCV, HAV and yellow fever virus.
ISG20 can inhibit translation of viral proteins, as described for chikungunya virus, while sparing endogenous transcripts.
ISG20 may act as a master regulator of over a hundred interferon stimulated genes, affecting viral genome translation.
ISG20 may contribute to snRNA and rRNA maturation and ribosome biogenesis, and localises to nucleolus, Cajal bodies and P-bodies.
ISG20 is an interferon-induced exoribonuclease acting mainly on single-stranded RNA. It restricts RNA viruses such as HCV, HAV and yellow fever virus, in some cases by blocking viral protein translation rather than degrading viral RNA. It spares endogenous transcripts and may also contribute to snRNA and rRNA maturation.
The HGNC name is interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20, previously written with 20kDa, and UniProt lists interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein. Aliases are HEM45 and CD25. The enzyme is classified as EC 3.1.13.1 and belongs to the exonuclease superfamily.
A mouse ortholog, Isg20, is annotated, so the gene can be studied in mouse models of interferon responses. No rat ortholog is listed in the data supplied. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other interferon-stimulated genes and antiviral response targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q96AZ6; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.