TRIM22
TRIM22, also known as STAF50, GPSTAF50 and RNF94, is an interferon-induced E3 ubiquitin ligase of the TRIM family. It contributes to innate and adaptive immunity and restricts the replication of a range of DNA and RNA viruses. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TRIM22 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TRIM22 is an interferon-induced E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. It restricts the replication of many viruses, including HIV-1, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Several mechanisms are described. TRIM22 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of HCV NS5A, and drives proteasomal degradation of Zika virus NS1 and NS3 proteins. It also suppresses basal HIV-1 LTR-driven transcription by preventing Sp1 binding to the HIV-1 promoter.
The protein also contributes to antiviral signalling. Together with NT5C2, TRIM22 co-regulates the RIGI/NF-kappa-B pathway: TRIM22 promotes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of RIGI, while NT5C2 is responsible for 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination. In adaptive immunity, TRIM22 lowers the amount of MHC class II protein in a negative feedback manner, which limits the extent of MHC class II induction.
TRIM22 belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. The TRIM motif comprises three zinc-binding domains (a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2) and a coiled-coil region. The protein localises to the cytoplasm, and UniProt also reports it in the nucleus, including nuclear speckles and Cajal bodies. Its expression is induced by interferon. The HGNC places the TRIM22 gene in the groups of RING finger proteins, the tripartite motif family, minor histocompatibility antigens and RING finger E3 ubiquitin protein ligases. Earlier names include STAF50, GPSTAF50 and RNF94.
TRIM22 is induced by interferon and restricts DNA and RNA viruses, making it a focus for studies of host restriction factors.
TRIM22 suppresses basal HIV-1 LTR-driven transcription by preventing Sp1 binding to the viral promoter.
TRIM22 promotes degradation of HCV NS5A and of Zika virus NS1 and NS3 proteins via ubiquitination and the proteasome.
TRIM22 promotes Lys-63-linked ubiquitination of RIGI and limits MHC class II induction through negative feedback.
TRIM22 is an interferon-induced E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in innate and adaptive immunity. It restricts viruses such as HIV-1, EMCV, HBV, HCV and Zika virus, promotes Lys-63-linked ubiquitination of RIGI, and limits MHC class II induction by negative feedback.
TRIM22 (tripartite motif containing 22) is also called STAF50, GPSTAF50 and RNF94. UniProt names the protein E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM22, and it carries the enzyme classification EC 2.3.2.27. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
TRIM22 belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family, defined by a RING domain, B-box type 1 and type 2 zinc-binding domains and a coiled-coil region. The HGNC also lists it among RING finger E3 ubiquitin protein ligases and minor histocompatibility antigens.
Other TRIM family E3 ligases, including members involved in antiviral and innate immune signalling.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q8IYM9; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.