PRMT1
PRMT1 (protein arginine methyltransferase 1) is a type I protein arginine N-methyltransferase that mono- and asymmetrically dimethylates arginine residues in histones and many other proteins. It is also known as HCP1, ANM1 and HRMT1L2. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PRMT1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PRMT1 transfers methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the terminal guanidino nitrogen atoms of arginine residues, producing monomethylated and asymmetrically dimethylated arginine. It is a type I PRMT and is responsible for the majority of cellular arginine methylation activity. Among its best-characterised roles, it is the main enzyme mediating monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation of histone H4 Arg-3 (H4R3me1 and H4R3me2a), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation.
Beyond histones H2, H3 and H4, PRMT1 methylates a broad set of substrates, including ESR1, FMR1, ILF3, HNRNPA1, HNRNPD, TAF15, SUPT5H, SERBP1, RBM15, FOXO1, CHTOP, MAP3K5/ASK1, MICU1, NPRL2, MRE11, TP53BP1 and DSP. The consequences depend on the substrate. Methylation of RBM15 promotes its ubiquitination and degradation. Methylation of FOXO1 retains it in the nucleus and increases its transcriptional activity. Methylation of MRE11 and TP53BP1 promotes the DNA damage response. Methylation of MAP3K5 inhibits its stimulation and the resulting JNK activation, while methylation of NPRL2 inhibits GATOR1 and supports timely mTORC1 activation under methionine-sufficient conditions. PRMT1 has also been linked to alternative splicing in the heart, neurite outgrowth, oestrogen receptor-mediated transactivation and negative regulation of megakaryocytic differentiation via the p38 MAPK pathway.
The PRMT1 protein belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily and the protein arginine N-methyltransferase family. It localises to the nucleus (including the nucleoplasm), the cytosol and the lysosome membrane. The PRMT1 gene is also classed by HGNC as a microRNA host gene, and alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been reported. Increased expression of the gene may play a role in many types of cancer. The name derives from the yeast HMT1 hnRNP methyltransferase; mouse and rat orthologues are both named Prmt1.
PRMT1 generates H4R3me1 and H4R3me2a, a tag for transcriptional activation, making it central to studies of histone arginine methylation.
Increased PRMT1 expression may contribute to many cancer types, and it methylates H4R3 in genes involved in glioblastomagenesis.
PRMT1 methylates MRE11 and TP53BP1, promoting the DNA damage response.
Methylation of MAP3K5, FOXO1 and NPRL2 links PRMT1 to JNK signalling, FOXO1 activity and mTORC1 activation.
PRMT1 is a type I arginine methyltransferase that catalyses mono- and asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues using S-adenosyl-L-methionine. It accounts for most cellular arginine methylation and is the main enzyme for histone H4 Arg-3 methylation, while also modifying many non-histone proteins.
PRMT1 is also known as HCP1, ANM1 and HRMT1L2, and earlier names include HMT1 hnRNP methyltransferase-like 2. The official full name is protein arginine methyltransferase 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for the gene.
Mouse and rat both carry a Prmt1 orthologue, and the name originates from yeast HMT1. Increased PRMT1 expression may play a role in many types of cancer. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other protein arginine methyltransferases from the same enzyme family, with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q99873; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.