HACD1
HACD1 (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1) is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane enzyme of the HACD family of very long-chain fatty acid dehydratases. It is also known as CAP or PTPLA, and was originally named protein tyrosine phosphatase-like member A. Browse Assay Genie's current range of HACD1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
HACD1 is classified as a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.134) and belongs to the very long-chain fatty acids dehydratase HACD family, which HGNC lists as the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase family. The protein is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. In tooth development, UniProt annotates a possible role in the recruitment and differentiation of cells that contribute to cementum formation, and it may also bind hydroxyapatite and regulate its crystal nucleation to form cementum.
The HACD1 gene was first characterised because its product carries a catalytic motif characteristic of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. In this motif, the highly conserved arginine is replaced by a proline, so the protein was proposed to represent a distinct class of PTP-like proteins. This history explains the previous symbol PTPLA and the previous name protein tyrosine phosphatase-like (proline instead of catalytic arginine), member a. PTP family members are known signalling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes.
According to the NCBI Gene summary, the gene is preferentially expressed in both adult and foetal heart. Much lower expression is detected in skeletal and smooth muscle, and no expression was observed in other tissues tested. This tissue-specific pattern in developing and adult heart suggests a role in regulating cardiac development and differentiation. The mouse ortholog is Hacd1, which provides a route to study HACD1 biology in vivo. Researchers studying the HACD1 protein, whether by antibody-based detection or immunoassay, therefore tend to focus on cardiac and muscle tissue, fatty acid elongation and mineralised tissue biology.
HACD1 is a very-long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase of the HACD family, making it relevant to studies of very long-chain fatty acid processing at the endoplasmic reticulum.
Preferential expression in adult and foetal heart suggests HACD1 may help regulate cardiac development and differentiation.
Lower expression in skeletal and smooth muscle, with none seen in other tissues, makes HACD1 a candidate for tissue-specific expression studies.
HACD1 may influence recruitment and differentiation of cementum-forming cells and may bind hydroxyapatite to regulate its crystal nucleation.
HACD1 is a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.134) located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. UniProt also notes a possible role in cementum formation during tooth development, including hydroxyapatite binding and regulation of its crystal nucleation.
PTPLA is a previous symbol, from the name protein tyrosine phosphatase-like (proline instead of catalytic arginine), member a. The protein has a PTP-like catalytic motif in which the conserved arginine is replaced by proline. CAP is another listed alias for the gene.
A mouse ortholog, Hacd1, is recorded. NCBI Gene reports preferential expression of human HACD1 in adult and foetal heart, much lower levels in skeletal and smooth muscle, and none in other tissues examined. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other HACD family dehydratases and fatty acid elongation enzymes that act in related pathways.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt B0YJ81; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.