SUMO2
SUMO2 (small ubiquitin like modifier 2, also known as SMT3B or SMT3H2) is a ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently attached to other proteins as a post-translational modification. It contributes to nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Browse Assay Genie's current range of SUMO2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
SUMO2 is a ubiquitin-like protein that can be attached to substrates as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. Attachment through an isopeptide bond on lysine residues needs prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and transfer to the E2 enzyme UBE2I. E3 ligases such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2, CBX4 or ZNF451 can promote the reaction. This sumoylation plays a crucial role in nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. SUMO2 is also reported to regulate the sumoylation status of SETX.
Polymeric SUMO2 chains can themselves be polyubiquitinated, which acts as a signal for proteasomal degradation of the modified proteins. Although SUMO2 works in a manner similar to ubiquitin, it does not mainly target proteins for degradation. NCBI Gene describes roles in nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and protein stability. The protein is not active until the last two amino acids of the carboxy-terminus have been cleaved off. Within the cell it is found in the nucleus, including PML bodies.
The SUMO2 gene belongs to the small ubiquitin like modifier family, and the protein belongs to the ubiquitin family, SUMO subfamily. Its previous names, such as SMT3 (suppressor of mif two 3, yeast) homolog 2, reflect its relationship to the yeast SMT3 modifier. Numerous pseudogenes have been reported for the gene, and alternate splice variants encoding different isoforms have been characterised. Mouse and rat each have a Sumo2 ortholog. Related family members include SUMO1, SUMO3 and SUMO4, which are useful comparators when studying SUMO2 biology.
SUMO2 is conjugated through SAE1-SAE2, UBE2I and E3 ligases, making it a central readout for studying how SUMO modification is activated and transferred.
Sumoylation is implicated in DNA replication and repair, so SUMO2 is studied in how cells maintain and restore genome integrity.
SUMO2 modification contributes to nuclear transport and mitosis, and the protein localises to the nucleus, including PML bodies.
Polymeric SUMO2 chains can be polyubiquitinated and directed to proteasomal degradation, linking two post-translational modification systems.
SUMO2 is covalently attached to lysine residues of target proteins as a monomer or polymer. This modification influences nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Polymeric SUMO2 chains can also be polyubiquitinated, which signals proteasomal degradation of the modified proteins.
SUMO2 is also called SMT3B and SMT3H2, and earlier names refer to SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 2. NCBI Gene reports alternate splice variants encoding different isoforms, and numerous pseudogenes. The protein is inactive until its last two C-terminal amino acids are cleaved.
SUMO2 has orthologs named Sumo2 in both mouse and rat, and its name derives from the yeast SMT3 modifier. It belongs to the ubiquitin family, SUMO subfamily. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other members of the SUMO family that are useful for comparative studies of sumoylation.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P61956; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.