TET1
TET1 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1) is a nuclear dioxygenase of the TET family that plays a key role in active DNA demethylation. It is also known as LCX, KIAA1676, bA119F7.1 and CXXC6, and was previously named CXXC zinc finger 6 and tet oncogene 1. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TET1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TET1 is a dioxygenase that plays a key role in active DNA demethylation. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that is important for controlling gene expression, and members of the TET (ten-eleven translocation) family take part in the DNA methylation process and in gene activation. The protein is found in the nucleus and associates with chromosomes. In its isoform 1 form, TET1 binds to promoters, particularly those with high CG content.
The two isoforms described in the UniProt annotation behave differently. Isoform 2 shows reduced global chromatin affinity compared with isoform 1, which leads to decreased global DNA demethylation. During S phase, isoform 2 localises to sites of ongoing DNA replication in heterochromatin, where it causes significant de novo 5hmC formation, more so in heterochromatin, including LINE 1 interspersed DNA repeats, leading to their activation.
In hippocampal neurons, isoform 2 regulates a distinct subset of genes compared with isoform 1, although the two overlap, and so differentially regulates excitatory synaptic transmission. In cultured hippocampal neurons it controls miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency, but not amplitude. Isoform 2 may regulate genes involved in hippocampal-dependent memory, negatively, whereas isoform 1 may improve memory. In immature and partially differentiated gonadotrope cells, TET1 directly represses expression of the luteinizing hormone gene LHB without catalysing 5hmC at the gene promoter.
The TET1 gene belongs to the zinc finger CXXC-type and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase gene groups. The mouse ortholog is Tet1. Its earlier names, tet oncogene 1 and CXXC zinc finger 6, are retained as aliases.
TET1 plays a key role in active DNA demethylation, making it central to studies of how methylation controls gene expression.
TET1 isoforms differentially regulate excitatory synaptic transmission and hippocampal-dependent memory genes in neurons.
Isoform 2 localises to sites of DNA replication in heterochromatin during S phase, forming 5hmC and activating LINE 1 repeats.
In gonadotrope cells, TET1 directly represses luteinizing hormone gene LHB expression without catalysing 5hmC at its promoter.
TET1 is a dioxygenase that plays a key role in active DNA demethylation. It binds to promoters, particularly those with high CG content, and forms 5hmC at some sites. It also regulates gene expression in neurons and gonadotrope cells, as described in the UniProt annotation.
TET1 is also called LCX, KIAA1676, bA119F7.1 and CXXC6; earlier names were CXXC zinc finger 6 and tet oncogene 1. UniProt describes isoform 1 and isoform 2, which differ in chromatin affinity, genomic targeting and effects on neuronal gene expression.
TET1 belongs to the TET family, alongside TET2 and TET3, and the mouse ortholog is Tet1. The family takes part in DNA methylation processes and gene activation. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other TET family dioxygenases involved in DNA methylation and demethylation.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q8NFU7; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.