DHDDS
DHDDS (dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase subunit, also known as HDS, DS, RP59 and hCIT) is a cis-prenyltransferase that works with NUS1 to build the polyprenyl backbone of dolichol. Dolichol phosphate serves as a sugar carrier in protein glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Browse Assay Genie's current range of DHDDS research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
DHDDS, together with NUS1, forms the dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DDS) complex, an essential component of the dolichol monophosphate (Dol-P) biosynthetic machinery. Both subunits contribute to enzymatic activity: the complex condenses multiple copies of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) onto farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to produce dehydrodolichyl diphosphate (Dedol-PP). This is a precursor of dolichol phosphate, which is used as a sugar carrier in protein glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The complex synthesises long-chain polyprenols, mostly of C95 and C100 chain length.
Beyond its role in dolichol synthesis, DHDDS regulates the glycosylation and stability of nascent NPC2, and in this way promotes the trafficking of LDL-derived cholesterol. The protein is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and belongs to the UPP synthase family. The enzyme carries the EC number 2.5.1.87, and the mouse ortholog is Dhdds.
The DHDDS gene encodes a protein that catalyses cis-prenyl chain elongation to generate the polyprenyl backbone of dolichol, a glycosyl carrier lipid required for the biosynthesis of several classes of glycoproteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with retinitis pigmentosa type 59, which accounts for the RP59 alias. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. The protein was formerly named dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase, and HGNC now lists it as the dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase subunit.
DHDDS supplies the dolichol backbone that acts as a sugar carrier for glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum, making it central to glycoprotein biosynthesis studies.
With NUS1, DHDDS condenses IPP onto FPP to make long-chain polyprenols, mostly C95 and C100, so it is a focus for isoprenoid pathway work.
DHDDS regulates glycosylation and stability of nascent NPC2, which promotes trafficking of LDL-derived cholesterol.
Mutations in the DHDDS gene are associated with retinitis pigmentosa type 59, making it relevant to studies of retinal degeneration.
DHDDS acts with NUS1 as the dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex. It condenses isopentenyl pyrophosphate onto farnesyl pyrophosphate to make dehydrodolichyl diphosphate, a precursor of dolichol phosphate, the sugar carrier used in ER protein glycosylation. It also regulates NPC2 glycosylation and stability.
The gene and protein are also called HDS, DS, RP59, hCIT and FLJ13102. The earlier name was dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase, and the UniProt entry is dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex subunit DHDDS. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
Mutations in the DHDDS gene are associated with retinitis pigmentosa type 59. A mouse ortholog, Dhdds, exists, and the protein belongs to the UPP synthase family. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Dolichol pathway enzymes, N-glycosylation components and cholesterol trafficking proteins related to DHDDS.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q86SQ9; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.