EPRS1
EPRS1 (glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1, also known as EARS, PARS, GLUPRORS, QPRS, QARS and EPRS) is a multifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that attaches both glutamate and proline to their cognate tRNAs. It also acts in interferon-gamma-driven translational control. Browse Assay Genie's current range of EPRS1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
EPRS1 is a multifunctional protein that primarily works within the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex, also called the multisynthetase complex. Within this complex it catalyses the attachment of both L-glutamate and L-proline to their cognate tRNAs. The reaction has two steps: the amino acid is first activated by ATP to form a covalent intermediate with AMP, and is then transferred to the acceptor end of the cognate tRNA, giving L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) and L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro).
The protein has a second role in inflammatory signalling. Upon interferon-gamma stimulation, EPRS1 is phosphorylated and dissociates from the multisynthetase complex. It is then recruited into the GAIT complex, which binds stem-loop GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of inflammatory mRNAs such as ceruloplasmin and inhibits their translation. Interferon-gamma therefore redirects EPRS1 from protein synthesis to translation inhibition in specific cell contexts. EPRS1 can also act as a downstream effector of mTORC1 signalling, promoting the translocation of SLC27A1 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane, where it mediates long-chain fatty acid uptake by adipocytes. Through this route it contributes to fat metabolism and, more indirectly, influences lifespan.
The EPRS1 gene encodes a protein of the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, with the family signature in its C-terminal section. It is found in the cytosol and at membranes. NCBI notes that alternative splicing has been observed, although the full-length nature and biological validity of the variant have not been determined. The gene was previously named glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase, and the mouse ortholog is Eprs1.
EPRS1 charges tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Pro) in the multisynthetase complex, making it a model for studying aminoacylation and bifunctional synthetases.
Phosphorylation releases EPRS1 from the multisynthetase complex to join the GAIT complex, a route for studying translational silencing of inflammatory mRNAs.
The GAIT complex inhibits translation of inflammatory transcripts such as ceruloplasmin, linking EPRS1 to post-transcriptional control of inflammatory gene expression.
As an mTORC1 effector promoting SLC27A1 translocation and fatty acid uptake in adipocytes, EPRS1 is studied in lipid metabolism and lifespan.
EPRS1 is a bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that attaches L-glutamate and L-proline to their cognate tRNAs within the multisynthetase complex. After interferon-gamma stimulation it can leave the complex and join the GAIT complex to inhibit translation of specific inflammatory mRNAs.
The HGNC name is glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1, and UniProt calls the protein bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase. Aliases and previous symbols include EARS, PARS, GLUPRORS, QPRS, QARS and EPRS. The earlier gene name was glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase.
A mouse ortholog, Eprs1, is recorded for this gene. EPRS1 belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity before choosing a reagent for work in a particular species.
Other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, GAIT complex targets and mTORC1 pathway proteins with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P07814; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.