ELMO1
ELMO1 (engulfment and cell motility 1, also known as KIAA0281, CED12, ELMO-1 and CED-12) is a cytoplasmic and membrane-associated protein that regulates DOCK guanine nucleotide exchange factors. It supports the cytoskeletal rearrangements needed for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and for cell motility. Browse Assay Genie's current range of ELMO1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
ELMO1 regulates the activity of DOCK guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). It acts in association with DOCK1, DOCK2, DOCK5 and CRK. In the case of DOCK5, ELMO1 promotes activation of RAC1, and this activity is stimulated by RHOG. Through this route the protein is involved in the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and for cell motility. UniProt records its subcellular locations as the cytoplasm and the cell membrane.
The human ELMO1 gene encodes a member of the engulfment and cell motility protein family. According to the NCBI Gene summary, these proteins interact with dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) proteins to promote phagocytosis and cell migration. Alternative splicing of the gene results in multiple transcript variants. The mouse ortholog is Elmo1. Researchers working with the ELMO1 protein often study it together with its DOCK partners, since much of its function depends on that interaction.
The name reflects the protein's role in engulfment and cell motility, and the CED-12 aliases refer to the C. elegans homolog; an earlier HGNC name was engulfment and cell motility 1 (ced-12 homolog, C. elegans). HGNC places the gene in the engulfment and cell motility proteins group, and also lists it among microRNA protein coding host genes. In disease research, increased expression of this gene together with DOCK1 may promote glioma cell invasion, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ELMO1 gene may be associated with diabetic nephropathy.
ELMO1 is involved in the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, making it a focus for engulfment studies.
Together with DOCK proteins, ELMO1 promotes cell migration, so it is studied in the control of cell motility.
ELMO1 regulates DOCK GEFs and promotes RAC1 activation by DOCK5, with RHOG stimulating this activity.
Increased ELMO1 and DOCK1 expression may promote glioma cell invasion, and ELMO1 polymorphisms may be associated with diabetic nephropathy.
ELMO1 regulates the activity of DOCK guanine nucleotide exchange factors, working with DOCK1, DOCK2, DOCK5 and CRK. It promotes RAC1 activation by DOCK5, a step stimulated by RHOG, and contributes to the cytoskeletal changes behind phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility.
ELMO1 is also called KIAA0281, CED12, ELMO-1 and CED-12, and its full name is engulfment and cell motility 1. The CED-12 names come from the C. elegans homolog. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants, so check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
The NCBI Gene summary reports that increased expression of ELMO1 and DOCK1 may promote glioma cell invasion. It also notes that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene may be associated with diabetic nephropathy. The mouse ortholog, Elmo1, is available for comparative work.
DOCK exchange factors, Rho family GTPases and other proteins in engulfment and cell migration signalling.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q92556; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.