MMD
MMD (monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated, also known as MMA or PAQR11) is a multi-pass membrane protein of the progestin and adipoQ receptor family. It is expressed in differentiated macrophages and localises to late endosome and lysosome membranes. Browse Assay Genie's current range of MMD research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
MMD, the monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor, is annotated as being involved in the dynamics of lysosomal membranes associated with microglial activation following brain lesion. The protein sits in the membranes of late endosomes and lysosomes, which fits a role in membrane behaviour within the endolysosomal system. Its precise molecular mechanism has not been defined in the sources used here.
The MMD gene encodes a protein that is expressed by in vitro differentiated macrophages but not by freshly isolated monocytes, which gave rise to its name. Sequence analysis identifies seven potential transmembrane domains. Despite this architecture, the MMD protein has little homology to G-protein coupled receptors and has not been positively identified as a receptor. A suggested alternative function is that of an ion channel protein in maturing macrophages.
HGNC places MMD in the progestin and adipoQ receptor family, and UniProt assigns it to the ADIPOR family. Its symbol history includes MMA and PAQR11, and earlier naming reads monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated. Mouse and rat both carry an Mmd ortholog, so the gene can be studied in common rodent models. Researchers investigating macrophage maturation, microglial activation or lysosomal membrane biology will find MMD a useful marker and subject of study.
MMD is expressed in in vitro differentiated macrophages but not freshly isolated monocytes, making it a candidate marker of monocyte-to-macrophage maturation.
MMD is implicated in lysosomal membrane dynamics linked to microglial activation following brain lesion.
As a late endosome and lysosome membrane protein, MMD is relevant to studies of endolysosomal membrane organisation.
MMD has seven predicted transmembrane domains and a proposed ion channel role, leaving its true function open to investigation.
MMD is annotated as involved in the dynamics of lysosomal membranes associated with microglial activation following brain lesion. It is expressed in differentiated macrophages. A possible role as an ion channel protein in maturing macrophages has been suggested, but its exact function remains unconfirmed.
MMD is also known as MMA and PAQR11, and its protein is called monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor. Although it sits in the progestin and adipoQ receptor family, it has little homology to G-protein receptors and has not been positively identified as a receptor.
Yes. Mouse and rat each have an ortholog named Mmd. UniProt places the protein in the ADIPOR family. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity before using it in a particular species.
Other progestin and adipoQ receptor family members and macrophage-related targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q15546; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.