DUSP3
DUSP3, also known as VHR (vaccinia virus phosphatase VH1-related), is a dual specificity protein phosphatase that removes phosphate groups from both tyrosine and serine residues, with a strong preference for phosphotyrosine. It specifically dephosphorylates and inactivates the MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2. Browse Assay Genie's current range of DUSP3 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
DUSP3 is a dual specificity protein phosphatase that shows activity towards both tyrosine-protein phosphate and serine-protein phosphate, although it displays a strong preference for phosphotyrosines. Its best-defined substrates are ERK1 and ERK2, which it specifically dephosphorylates and inactivates. As a member of the dual specificity phosphatase subfamily, it inactivates its target kinases by removing phosphate from phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues, and the family as a whole negatively regulates members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK and p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation.
The DUSP3 gene encodes a protein that belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, in the non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily. HGNC places it in the atypical dual specificity phosphatases gene group. UniProt records the protein in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, where it is associated with the flagellum axoneme of the cytoskeleton. Individual dual specificity phosphatases differ in their MAP kinase substrate specificity, tissue distribution, subcellular localisation and the way extracellular stimuli induce their expression, so each family member is studied in its own right.
The earlier name, vaccinia virus phosphatase VH1-related, gives the origin of the VHR alias. The gene maps to a region that contains the BRCA1 locus, which confers susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer. DUSP3 is expressed in both breast and ovarian tissues, but mutation screening in breast cancer pedigrees and in sporadic tumours was negative, leading to the conclusion that the gene is not BRCA1.
DUSP3 dephosphorylates and inactivates ERK1 and ERK2, making it a relevant phosphatase for studying negative regulation of MAP kinase signalling.
Its activity towards phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine, with a strong tyrosine preference, makes it a useful example for dual specificity enzyme studies.
Dual specificity phosphatases negatively regulate MAP kinases linked to cellular proliferation and differentiation, placing DUSP3 within these growth-control pathways.
DUSP3 is expressed in breast and ovarian tissues and lies near the BRCA1 locus, though it was excluded as the BRCA1 gene.
DUSP3 is a dual specificity phosphatase that removes phosphate from tyrosine and serine residues, with a strong preference for phosphotyrosine. It specifically dephosphorylates and inactivates ERK1 and ERK2, so it acts as a negative regulator within MAP kinase signalling.
DUSP3 is also called VHR, from its previous HGNC name, vaccinia virus phosphatase VH1-related. Its full approved name is dual specificity phosphatase 3, and UniProt lists the protein as dual specificity protein phosphatase 3, with EC numbers 3.1.3.16 and 3.1.3.48.
No. DUSP3 maps in the region containing the BRCA1 locus, but mutation screening in breast cancer pedigrees and sporadic tumours was negative, so it is not BRCA1. The mouse ortholog is Dusp3 and the rat ortholog is listed as Mpp3; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other dual specificity phosphatases that regulate MAP kinase signalling, with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P51452; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.