PTGDS
PTGDS (prostaglandin D2 synthase, also known as PGDS or L-PGDS) is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase that converts PGH2 to PGD2. It is also a lipocalin that binds small lipophilic molecules, and it is preferentially expressed in brain. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PTGDS research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PTGDS catalyses the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 is involved in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. In the central nervous system it acts as a neuromodulator and trophic factor, and PTGDS is linked to sedation, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia. It may also have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. PGH2 is the preferred substrate, but the enzyme can also convert PGH3, derived from eicosapentaenoate, to PGD3.
The PTGDS protein is a member of the lipocalin family within the calycin superfamily, and the PTGDS gene is classed by HGNC in the lipocalins group. Besides its enzymatic role, it binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone. It may therefore act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophobic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. UniProt lists its locations as the rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, Golgi apparatus, perinuclear cytoplasm and extracellular space. Studies in transgenic mice overexpressing the gene suggest a role in regulating NREM sleep.
PTGDS is possibly involved in developing and maintaining the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis barriers. It is likely to be important for maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and the male reproductive system. It also contributes to PLA2G3-dependent mast cell maturation. PLA2G3, secreted by immature mast cells, acts on nearby fibroblasts upstream of PTGDS to produce PGD2. PGD2 then promotes mast cell maturation and degranulation through PTGDR. Earlier HGNC names described the protein as the 21 kD brain form of prostaglandin D2 synthase.
PTGDS-derived PGD2 acts as a neuromodulator and is linked to sedation and NREM sleep regulation in the central nervous system.
PTGDS is possibly involved in developing and maintaining the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis barriers.
As a lipocalin, PTGDS binds biliverdin, bilirubin, retinoids and thyroid hormone, and may act as a secretory transporter or scavenger.
PGD2 from PTGDS promotes mast cell maturation and degranulation via PTGDR and potently inhibits platelet aggregation.
PTGDS catalyses the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation and in inhibiting platelet aggregation. It also binds lipophilic molecules such as retinoids, bilirubin and thyroid hormone, and has roles in the central nervous system.
PTGDS is also called PGDS and L-PGDS, and its UniProt name is prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase. Earlier HGNC names were prostaglandin D2 synthase (21kD, brain) and prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain). It is glutathione-independent and carries EC number 5.3.99.2.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have a Ptgds ortholog. Transgenic mice overexpressing the gene have been used to suggest a role in regulating NREM sleep. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Prostaglandin pathway enzymes, receptors and other lipocalins with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P41222; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.