LPCAT1
LPCAT1 (lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1) is a calcium-independent acyltransferase that converts lysophosphatidylcholine into phosphatidylcholine. It is also known as AGPAT9, AGPAT10, LPLAT8 and AYTL2, and contributes to phospholipid metabolism and platelet-activating factor biosynthesis. Browse Assay Genie's current range of LPCAT1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
LPCAT1 catalyses the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the presence of acyl-CoA. It also converts 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid, LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl group at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. The enzyme shows a clear preference for saturated fatty acyl-CoAs as acyl donors and for 1-myristoyl or 1-palmitoyl LPC as acceptors, and its activity does not depend on calcium. It also exhibits acetyltransferase activity.
In addition to its role in phospholipid remodelling, LPCAT1 is involved in platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis, converting the precursor lyso-PAF (1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) into PAF. It may synthesise the phosphatidylcholine of pulmonary surfactant, which points to an important role in respiratory physiology, and it takes part in regulating the number and size of lipid droplets. The protein is found at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane, cell membrane and lipid droplets.
The LPCAT1 gene encodes a member of the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family and sits in the HGNC groups of lysophospholipid acyltransferases and EF-hand domain containing proteins. Earlier names include acyltransferase like 2 (AYTL2), and the enzyme has also been listed as AGPAT9 and AGPAT10. Elevated LPCAT1 expression may contribute to the progression of oral squamous cell, prostate, breast and other human cancers. Mouse and rat both have a Lpcat1 ortholog.
LPCAT1 converts lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholine, making it a key enzyme for studying membrane phospholipid synthesis and remodelling.
The enzyme may synthesise phosphatidylcholine in pulmonary surfactant, so it is relevant to research on respiratory physiology.
LPCAT1 converts lyso-PAF into platelet-activating factor, linking lipid metabolism to PAF biosynthesis.
Elevated expression may contribute to several cancers, and LPCAT1 helps regulate lipid droplet number and size.
LPCAT1 is an acyltransferase that converts lysophosphatidylcholine into phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidic acid into phosphatidic acid. It also helps synthesise platelet-activating factor from lyso-PAF, may contribute to pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylcholine, and influences lipid droplet number and size.
LPCAT1 is also called AGPAT9, AGPAT10, LPLAT8, AYTL2 and FLJ12443. Its previous name was acyltransferase like 2. The HGNC name is lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1, and the enzyme carries the EC number 2.3.1.23.
The NCBI Gene summary states that elevated LPCAT1 expression may contribute to the progression of oral squamous cell, prostate, breast and other human cancers. Mouse and rat have a Lpcat1 ortholog, so rodent models can be used to study it; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases involved in phospholipid remodelling, with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q8NF37; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.