MAPK11
MAPK11 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 11, also known as p38-2, p38Beta, SAPK2 and PRKM11) is a serine/threonine kinase of the p38 MAPK family. It transmits signals from pro-inflammatory cytokines and physical stress to transcription factors and other downstream effectors. Browse Assay Genie's current range of MAPK11 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
MAPK11 is a serine/threonine kinase and an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. It is one of four p38 MAPKs that shape cellular responses to extracellular stimuli such as pro-inflammatory cytokines or physical stress, leading to direct activation of transcription factors. The kinase is activated by phosphorylation through mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs). p38 MAPKs are estimated to have roughly 200 to 300 substrates each, and MAPK11 functions are largely redundant with those of MAPK14.
Some MAPK11 targets are themselves kinases. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 phosphorylate transcription factors including CREB1, ATF1, RELA, STAT1 and STAT3, as well as histone H3 and HMGN1, supporting rapid induction of immediate-early genes. MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3 act mainly at the post-transcriptional level, phosphorylating ZFP36 and ELAVL1 and regulating EEF2K, while MKNK1 and MKNK2 influence protein synthesis through EIF4E2. In the cytoplasm the pathway regulates protein turnover, for example of CFLAR, and controls ectodomain shedding through phosphorylation of ADAM17, which feeds into EGFR signalling. In the nucleus, p38 MAPKs activate factors such as ATF2, ELK1, TP53 and MEF2C. They also promote histone H3 Ser-10 phosphorylation at inflammatory gene promoters, including IL6, IL8 and IL12B, in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells, increasing NF-kappa-B recruitment.
MAPK11 also phosphorylates NLRP1 downstream of MAP3K20/ZAK after UV-B irradiation and ribosome collisions, promoting inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, and it phosphorylates the methyltransferase DOT1L at several sites. The MAPK11 gene belongs to the p38 family (MAPK11-14) within the CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase superfamily, and alternative splicing yields multiple transcript variants. The protein localises to the cytoplasm and nucleus, and the mouse ortholog is Mapk11.
MAPK11 relays signals from pro-inflammatory cytokines and physical stress to transcription factors, making it a focus for studies of cellular stress responses.
p38 MAPKs phosphorylate transcription factors, histone H3 and chromatin modifiers, influencing immediate-early gene induction and NF-kappa-B recruitment at inflammatory promoters.
MAPK11 phosphorylates NLRP1 downstream of MAP3K20/ZAK after UV-B and ribosome collisions, linking stress kinase signalling to inflammasome activation.
Through MK2, MK3, MNK1 and MNK2, and regulation of CFLAR degradation, the p38 pathway controls translation and protein stability.
MAPK11 is a serine/threonine kinase in the MAP kinase pathway. It responds to pro-inflammatory cytokines and physical stress by phosphorylating transcription factors, downstream kinases such as MK2 and MSK1, and other substrates, thereby regulating gene expression, protein synthesis and turnover.
MAPK11 is also called p38-2, p38Beta, SAPK2 and PRKM11, and its full name is mitogen-activated protein kinase 11. It is one of four p38 MAPKs in the MAPK11-14 family. Alternative splicing of the MAPK11 gene produces multiple transcript variants.
UniProt notes that MAPK11 functions are mostly redundant with those of MAPK14, another p38 MAPK. The mouse ortholog is Mapk11. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other p38 family members, MAP kinases and MAPK-activated kinases that act in stress signalling pathways.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q15759; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.