SLC12A5
SLC12A5, also known as KCC2, hKCC2 and KIAA1176, is an integral membrane potassium-chloride cotransporter of mature neurons. It extrudes intracellular chloride, setting the low chloride levels that allow GABA-A and glycine receptor signalling to inhibit neurons. Browse Assay Genie's current range of SLC12A5 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
SLC12A5 mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport in mature neurons and is required for neuronal chloride homeostasis. As the major extruder of intracellular chloride, it establishes the low neuronal Cl(-) levels needed for chloride influx after GABA-A and glycine bind their receptors. The result is hyperpolarisation and neuronal inhibition. The transporter is also involved in the regulation of dendritic spine formation and maturation.
K-Cl cotransporters lower intracellular chloride below the electrochemical equilibrium potential. The SLC12A5 gene encodes an integral membrane protein that can work in either a net efflux or a net influx pathway, depending on the potassium and chloride concentration gradients. The protein can act as a homomultimer, or as a heteromultimer with other K-Cl cotransporters, to maintain chloride homeostasis in neurons. UniProt places it at the cell membrane and in dendrites. Alternative splicing gives two transcript variants that encode different isoforms, which is relevant when choosing an SLC12A5 antibody or other reagent for a given isoform.
The protein belongs to the SLC12A transporter family, in the K/Cl co-transporter subfamily, and is part of HGNC's solute carrier family 12 group. Its previous HGNC name was solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporter), member 5. Orthologues are named Slc12a5 in both mouse and rat, so the SLC12A5 gene can be studied in rodent models of neuronal chloride regulation.
SLC12A5 is the major chloride extruder in mature neurons, so it is central to studies of intracellular Cl(-) regulation.
By keeping neuronal chloride low, SLC12A5 allows GABA-A and glycine receptor activation to hyperpolarise neurons and produce inhibition.
SLC12A5 is involved in regulating dendritic spine formation and maturation, linking ion transport to neuronal structure.
As a K/Cl co-transporter in the SLC12A family, SLC12A5 is studied alongside related cotransporters, including in homo- and heteromultimeric assemblies.
SLC12A5 is a neuronal potassium-chloride cotransporter that extrudes intracellular chloride. This keeps neuronal Cl(-) low, so GABA-A and glycine receptor activation causes chloride influx, hyperpolarisation and inhibition. It also contributes to dendritic spine formation and maturation.
SLC12A5 is also called KCC2, hKCC2 and KIAA1176. Its earlier HGNC name was solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporter), member 5. Alternative splicing produces two transcript variants that encode different isoforms, according to the NCBI Gene summary.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have an orthologue named Slc12a5, so rodent models can be used to study its role in neuronal chloride homeostasis. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other SLC12A family cotransporters and neuronal solute carriers with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9H2X9; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.