S100A12
S100A12 (S100 calcium binding protein A12, also known as calgranulin C, p6, MRP6, CGRP, CAAF1, CAGC and ENRAGE) is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding member of the S100 family. It regulates inflammatory processes and immune response and acts as an alarmin. Browse Assay Genie's current range of S100A12 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
S100A12 is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding protein with a prominent role in regulating inflammation and immune response. Its pro-inflammatory activity involves recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. It acts as an alarmin, or danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, and stimulates innate immune cells by binding the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). This engagement activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signalling pathways, leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine production and up-regulation of the cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1.
The S100A12 protein is a monocyte and mast cell chemoattractant. It can stimulate mast cell degranulation and activation, generating chemokines, histamine and cytokines that drive further leukocyte recruitment to inflamed sites. It can also inhibit matrix metalloproteinases MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 by chelating Zn(2+) from their active sites. The source annotation additionally describes filariacidal and filariastatic activity, and a peptide, calcitermin, with antifungal activity against C. albicans and activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, but not L. monocytogenes or S. aureus.
The S100A12 gene belongs to the S100 family, whose proteins contain two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs and localise to the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, where they contribute to processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. The S100 genes form a cluster on chromosome 1q21. S100A12 is proposed to act in calcium-dependent signal transduction, and its regulatory effect on cytoskeletal components may modulate neutrophil activities. UniProt lists secreted, cytoplasmic, cytoskeletal and cell membrane locations. HGNC records the previous name as S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (calgranulin C).
S100A12 regulates inflammatory processes and immune response, recruiting leukocytes and promoting cytokine and chemokine production.
Binding of S100A12 to AGER activates MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B pathways, raising pro-inflammatory cytokines, ICAM1 and VCAM1.
S100A12 acts as a monocyte and mast cell chemoattractant and can stimulate mast cell degranulation and activation.
The calcitermin peptide shows antifungal activity against C. albicans and activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
S100A12 regulates inflammation and immune response. It recruits leukocytes, promotes cytokine and chemokine production, and acts as an alarmin by binding AGER, which activates MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signalling. It can also inhibit MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 by chelating zinc from their active sites.
S100A12 is also known as calgranulin C, p6, MRP6, CGRP, CAAF1, CAGC and ENRAGE. HGNC lists the earlier name S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (calgranulin C), and UniProt uses Protein S100-A12. These names refer to the same gene and protein.
S100A12 belongs to the S100 family, whose members have two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. The S100 genes, at least 13 of them, are clustered on chromosome 1q21. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Receptor, adhesion molecule and metalloproteinase targets linked to S100A12 signalling and inflammation.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P80511; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.