IP-10
IP-10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, encoded by CXCL10) is a secreted pro-inflammatory chemokine of the CXC subfamily. It acts as a ligand for the receptor CXCR3 and is also known as IFI10, crg-2, mob-1, INP10 and SCYB10. Browse Assay Genie's current range of IP-10 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
IP-10 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in a wide range of processes, including chemotaxis, differentiation and activation of peripheral immune cells, regulation of cell growth, apoptosis and modulation of angiostatic effects. It plays an important role during viral infections by stimulating the activation and migration of immune cells to infected sites. Mechanistically, binding of IP-10 to the CXCR3 receptor activates G protein-mediated signalling, leading to downstream activation of a phospholipase C-dependent pathway, increased intracellular calcium and actin reorganisation. In turn, activated Th1 lymphocytes are recruited to sites of inflammation.
The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis also operates in the nervous system. In response to brain injury, it activates microglia, the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system, and directs them to the lesion site. This recruitment is an essential element of neuronal reorganisation. According to the NCBI Gene summary, binding of the protein to CXCR3 has pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocyte, natural killer cell and T-cell migration and modulation of adhesion molecule expression.
The CXCL10 gene encodes a member of the intercrine alpha (CXC chemokine) family and is annotated as an antimicrobial gene. It may also be a key regulator of the cytokine storm immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous names include small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 10, and the gene has mouse and rat orthologues, both named Cxcl10. HGNC places it in the chemokine ligands group.
IP-10 stimulates activation and migration of immune cells to infected sites, making it a relevant chemokine for studying antiviral responses.
CXCL10 may be a key regulator of the cytokine storm immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis activates microglia and directs them to lesion sites, an essential step in neuronal reorganisation.
IP-10 signalling through CXCR3 recruits Th1 lymphocytes and promotes monocyte, natural killer and T-cell migration.
IP-10 is a secreted pro-inflammatory chemokine that binds CXCR3, triggering G protein-mediated signalling, calcium increase and actin reorganisation. This drives chemotaxis and activation of immune cells, including Th1 lymphocytes, monocytes and natural killer cells, and helps direct them to sites of infection or inflammation.
The HGNC symbol is CXCL10, for C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10. Aliases include IFI10, crg-2, mob-1, C7, gIP-10, INP10 and SCYB10. Earlier names include small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 10, reflecting its place in the CXC chemokine family.
Yes. Both mouse and rat have an orthologous gene named Cxcl10. The human protein belongs to the intercrine alpha (CXC chemokine) family. Researchers working in rodent models should check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other CXC chemokines and related immune signalling targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P02778; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.