PIKFYVE
PIKFYVE (phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing) is an endosomal lipid kinase that phosphorylates the D-5 position of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. It is also known as PIKfyve, p235, PIPKIII, PIP5K3, FAB1 and ZFYVE29. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PIKFYVE research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PIKFYVE encodes an enzyme that phosphorylates the D-5 position of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P), producing PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)-bisphosphate. Phosphorylated derivatives of PtdIns regulate cytoskeletal functions, membrane trafficking and receptor signalling by recruiting protein complexes to cell and endosomal membranes. The D-5 position can also be modified by type I PtdIns4P-5-kinases, which are encoded by distinct genes and prefer D-4 phosphorylated substrates; in contrast, PIKfyve preferentially phosphorylates D-3 phosphorylated PtdIns. Besides its lipid kinase activity, PIKfyve also has protein kinase activity.
PIKfyve regulates endomembrane homeostasis and contributes to the biogenesis of endosome carrier vesicles from early endosomes. UniProt records the protein at endosome membranes, including early and late endosome membranes, and at the phagosome membrane of cytoplasmic vesicles. It is also required for cell entry of the coronaviruses SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-EMC by endocytosis, and the NCBI Gene summary describes a key role in endocytic entry of Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2.
The PIKFYVE gene belongs to the FYVE-type zinc finger, DEP domain containing and phosphoinositide kinase gene groups. Earlier names include phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate/phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase, type III, and the symbol PIP5K3. Mutations in this gene cause corneal fleck dystrophy, an autosomal dominant disorder in which small white flecks appear throughout the corneal stroma. Histologically, these flecks are keratocytes distended with lipid and mucopolysaccharide-filled intracytoplasmic vacuoles.
PIKfyve regulates endomembrane homeostasis and the formation of endosome carrier vesicles from early endosomes.
The enzyme produces PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)-bisphosphate, lipids that help recruit protein complexes to endosomal membranes.
PIKfyve is required for endocytic cell entry of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-EMC, and has a described role in Ebola virus entry.
Mutations in PIKFYVE cause corneal fleck dystrophy, making the gene relevant to studies of lipid-laden keratocyte vacuoles.
PIKFYVE is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates the D-5 position of PtdIns and PtdIns3P to make PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)-bisphosphate. It regulates endomembrane homeostasis, contributes to endosome carrier vesicle biogenesis from early endosomes, and also has protein kinase activity.
PIKFYVE is also called PIKfyve, p235, PIPKIII, PIP5K, PIP5K3, FAB1, ZFYVE29, KIAA0981 and MGC40423. Earlier names include phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate/phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase, type III. UniProt lists the protein as 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase, EC 2.7.1.150.
Mutations in PIKFYVE cause corneal fleck dystrophy, an autosomal dominant corneal disorder. The protein is also needed for coronavirus entry by endocytosis. The mouse ortholog is Pikfyve; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other phosphoinositide kinases, endosomal trafficking proteins and viral entry factors with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q9Y2I7; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.