SPDL1
SPDL1 (spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1, also known as Protein Spindly, hSpindly or CCDC99) is a coiled-coil protein that recruits dynein and dynactin to the mitotic kinetochore. It acts as a dynein adapter and contributes to spindle formation and chromosome segregation. Browse Assay Genie's current range of SPDL1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
SPDL1 is required for the localisation of dynein and dynactin to the mitotic kinetochore. Dynein is believed to control the initial lateral interaction between the kinetochore and spindle microtubules, and to facilitate the subsequent formation of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments mediated by the NDC80 complex. SPDL1 is also required for correct spindle orientation. It does not appear to be needed for removal of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins from the kinetochore once a bipolar spindle attachment is made.
At the molecular level, SPDL1 acts as an adapter protein that links the dynein motor complex to various cargos. It facilitates the interaction between dynein and dynactin and, in the presence of dynactin, converts dynein from a non-processive to a highly processive motor. Processivity is the ability to move along a microtubule over a long distance without falling off the track. SPDL1 has also been reported to play a role in cell migration.
The SPDL1 gene encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein that belongs to the Spindly family. RefSeq describes its role in coordinating microtubule attachment by promoting dynein recruitment, and in mitotic checkpoint signalling. The protein localises to the kinetochore at the centromere, the centrosome and the spindle pole, and is also found in the nucleus. The gene was previously named coiled-coil domain containing 99 (CCDC99), and mouse and rat each have an orthologous Spdl1 gene.
SPDL1 links dynein and dynactin recruitment to mitotic spindle formation, making it a useful focus for studying how dividing cells build a functional spindle.
By promoting kinetochore-microtubule attachment, SPDL1 contributes to accurate chromosome segregation and is relevant to work on attachment mechanics.
SPDL1 is a dynein adapter that activates processivity together with dynactin, informing studies of dynein-dynactin-adapter complexes and cargo transport.
SPDL1 has been reported to play a role in cell migration, extending its research interest beyond the mitotic kinetochore.
SPDL1 is required to localise dynein and dynactin to the mitotic kinetochore. It acts as an adapter linking the dynein motor complex to cargos and, with dynactin, activates dynein processivity. It also contributes to spindle orientation and cell migration.
SPDL1 is the HGNC symbol for spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1. UniProt lists it as Protein Spindly, and other names include hSpindly, CCDC99 (coiled-coil domain containing 99) and FLJ20364. The names refer to the same gene and protein.
Mouse and rat both have an orthologous gene named Spdl1, and the human protein belongs to the Spindly family. Researchers working in these species should check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Dynein, dynactin and kinetochore proteins that work alongside SPDL1 in mitosis.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q96EA4; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.