TLE4
TLE4 (transducin-like enhancer protein 4, also known as GRG4, ESG or E(spl)) is a nuclear transcriptional corepressor of the WD repeat Groucho/TLE family. It binds a number of transcription factors and dampens their activity, including components of Wnt signalling. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TLE4 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TLE4 is a transcriptional corepressor that binds to a number of transcription factors rather than to DNA by itself. It inhibits transcriptional activation mediated by PAX5, and by CTNNB1 (beta-catenin) together with TCF family members in Wnt signalling. The effects of full-length TLE family members may be modulated by association with the dominant-negative protein AES. NCBI Gene annotation places TLE4 in the nucleoplasm, as part of the beta-catenin-TCF complex, and predicts a role in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signalling and of transcription by RNA polymerase II.
TLE4 is required for specific repressor programmes. It is essential for the transcriptional repressor activity of SIX3 during retina and lens development, and for SIX3 transcriptional auto-repression. It is also involved in repression of GNRHR and enhances MSX1-mediated repression of CGA/alpha-GSU. Annotation further predicts that it acts upstream of or within the Wnt signalling pathway and in the cellular response to leukaemia inhibitory factor.
The TLE4 gene encodes a member of the WD repeat Groucho/TLE family, and HGNC groups it with WD repeat domain containing proteins, the TLE family and the Wnt enhanceosome complex. Its earlier names, transducin-like enhancer of split 4 (E(sp1) homolog, Drosophila), reflect its relationship to the Drosophila Enhancer of split gene. Mouse and rat orthologs are both designated Tle4, which allows the corepressor to be studied in common model systems.
TLE4 inhibits CTNNB1- and TCF-mediated transcriptional activation and is part of the beta-catenin-TCF complex, making it relevant to studies of canonical Wnt regulation.
TLE4 is essential for SIX3 repressor activity and SIX3 auto-repression during retina and lens development.
As a Groucho/TLE corepressor binding multiple transcription factors, TLE4 is a model for how corepressors silence gene expression, including with PAX5 and MSX1.
TLE4 is involved in repression of GNRHR and enhances MSX1-mediated repression of CGA/alpha-GSU, linking it to control of pituitary hormone-related genes.
TLE4 is a nuclear transcriptional corepressor that binds a number of transcription factors. It inhibits activation by PAX5 and by CTNNB1 with TCF factors in Wnt signalling, and supports SIX3-dependent repression in retina and lens development.
TLE4 is also called GRG4, ESG and E(spl). Earlier HGNC names include transducin-like enhancer of split 4 (E(sp1) homolog, Drosophila). UniProt lists the protein as transducin-like enhancer protein 4, and the approved gene name is TLE family member 4, transcriptional corepressor.
Yes. Mouse and rat both carry a Tle4 ortholog. TLE4 belongs to the WD repeat Groucho/TLE family, which also includes TLE1, so rodent studies can inform work on the human protein; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other TLE family corepressors, Wnt signalling components and transcription factors that partner with TLE4.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q04727; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.