PTPN1
PTPN1, also known as PTP1B, is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that removes phosphate groups from tyrosine residues on signalling proteins. It is a negative regulator of insulin signalling and a regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PTPN1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PTPN1 catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters on tyrosine residues, reversing the action of tyrosine kinases. It is a regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and dephosphorylates EIF2AK3/PERK, which inactivates the kinase activity of PERK. It may also act in CKII- and p60c-src-induced signal transduction cascades, regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 pathway that modulates cell reorganisation and cell-cell repulsion, and regulate hepatocyte growth factor receptor signalling through dephosphorylation of MET.
The best-characterised role of PTPN1 is as a negative regulator of insulin signalling, where it dephosphorylates the phosphotyrosine residues of the insulin receptor kinase. It has also been reported to dephosphorylate epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, as well as JAK2 and TYK2 kinases. These activities link the enzyme to the control of cell growth and to the cellular response to interferon. Like other protein tyrosine phosphatases, it shares a highly conserved catalytic motif that is essential for activity. The protein is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The human PTPN1 gene produces two transcript variants that encode different isoforms, and mouse and rat each carry an ortholog named Ptpn1.
PTPN1 is the founding member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, identified on the basis of its enzymatic activity and amino acid sequence. It belongs to the non-receptor class 1 subfamily. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as a group regulate cell growth, differentiation, the mitotic cycle and oncogenic transformation. Researchers working with PTPN1 may search under the alias PTP1B, and studies commonly rely on a PTPN1 antibody, PTPN1 protein or PTPN1 ELISA kit to examine its expression and activity.
PTPN1 dephosphorylates the insulin receptor kinase and acts as a negative regulator of insulin signalling.
PTPN1 regulates the unfolded protein response by dephosphorylating and inactivating the kinase activity of EIF2AK3/PERK.
PTPN1 acts on epidermal growth factor receptor kinase and may regulate hepatocyte growth factor receptor signalling through MET dephosphorylation.
Reported dephosphorylation of JAK2 and TYK2 implicates PTPN1 in cell growth control and the response to interferon stimulation.
PTPN1 is a tyrosine-protein phosphatase that hydrolyses phosphate from tyrosine residues. It negatively regulates insulin signalling by acting on the insulin receptor kinase, and it regulates the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response by dephosphorylating EIF2AK3/PERK, inactivating its kinase activity.
PTPN1 is also widely known as PTP1B, and its full name is protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1. UniProt lists it as tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1. The human gene has two transcript variants that encode different isoforms.
Mouse and rat both have an ortholog named Ptpn1. PTPN1 belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, non-receptor class 1 subfamily, and was the founding member of that family. Please check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases and PTPN1 substrates and pathway partners studied in insulin, growth factor and ER stress signalling.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P18031; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.