TLR3
TLR3 (toll-like receptor 3, also known as CD283) is a nucleotide-sensing member of the Toll-like receptor family. It is activated by double-stranded RNA, a sign of viral infection, and signals through the adapter TRIF/TICAM1 to drive antiviral innate immunity. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TLR3 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TLR3 is a key component of innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors control the host immune response against pathogens by recognising molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR3 is a nucleotide-sensing receptor that is activated by double-stranded RNA, which is associated with viral infection. It acts via the adapter TRIF/TICAM1, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, IRF3 nuclear translocation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. It also induces the production of type I interferons, and so contributes to host defence against multiple viruses.
The TLR3 gene encodes a member of the Toll-like receptor family, which has a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on infectious agents and mediate the production of cytokines needed for effective immunity. The various TLRs show different expression patterns. TLR3 is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and within leukocytes it is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation. UniProt places the protein in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the endosome membrane and early endosomes.
TLR3 is classed by HGNC among the CD molecules and the Toll-like receptors, and carries the alias CD283. The mouse ortholog is Tlr3. As a sensor of viral double-stranded RNA that couples to TRIF-dependent signalling, it is a common reference point when comparing nucleic acid-sensing receptors such as TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 with the cell-surface TLRs.
TLR3 recognises double-stranded RNA associated with viral infection and contributes to host defence against multiple viruses.
TLR3 activation leads to IRF3 nuclear translocation and production of type I interferons, making it a model for studying interferon induction.
TLR3 signals through the adapter TRIF/TICAM1 to activate NF-kappa-B, offering a defined route for dissecting adapter-dependent TLR signalling.
Within leukocytes, TLR3 expression is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation, linking the receptor to antigen-presenting cell function and immunity.
TLR3 is a nucleotide-sensing Toll-like receptor activated by double-stranded RNA, a sign of viral infection. It signals through the adapter TRIF/TICAM1, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, IRF3 nuclear translocation, cytokine secretion, the inflammatory response and type I interferon production.
The HGNC-approved name is toll like receptor 3, with the previous name toll-like receptor 3 and the alias CD283. The symbol TLR3 is used for the human gene, and the mouse ortholog is written Tlr3. HGNC groups it with the CD molecules and the Toll-like receptors.
Toll-like receptors are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. A mouse ortholog, Tlr3, exists for the human gene. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other Toll-like receptors and nucleic acid-sensing innate immune receptors with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt O15455; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.