GZMH
GZMH (granzyme H) is a cytotoxic chymotrypsin-like serine protease of the granzyme subfamily, found in cytolytic granules. Also known as CGL-2, CCP-X, CTLA1, CSP-C and CTSGL2, it is thought to contribute to target cell lysis and to the antiviral response. Browse Assay Genie's current range of GZMH research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
GZMH is a cytotoxic chymotrypsin-like serine protease. It prefers bulky and aromatic residues at the P1 position of its substrates and acidic residues at the P3' and P4' sites. It is probably necessary for target cell lysis in cell-mediated immune responses, and it participates in the antiviral response by directly cleaving several proteins that are essential for viral replication.
The GZMH gene encodes a member of the peptidase S1 family, granzyme subfamily. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants, and at least one of them encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed into the active chymotrypsin-like protease. The protein is reported to be constitutively expressed in natural killer (NK) cells, and it is thought to act in the cytotoxic arm of the innate immune response. It may do so by inducing target cell death and by cleaving substrates directly inside pathogen-infected cells. The gene lies in a cluster with another member of the granzyme subfamily on chromosome 14.
HGNC classifies granzyme H in the group of granule associated serine proteases of immune defence. Its previous name, cathepsin G-like 2 (protein h-CCPX), and the aliases CGL-2, CCP-X, CTLA1, CSP-C and CTSGL2 appear in older literature. Researchers studying the GZMH gene or GZMH protein will often meet these names alongside the current symbol.
GZMH is constitutively expressed in NK cells and is thought to contribute to the cytotoxic arm of the innate immune response.
GZMH directly cleaves several proteins essential for viral replication, making it a subject of study in antiviral responses.
GZMH is probably necessary for target cell lysis in cell-mediated immune responses, and it can induce target cell death.
As a chymotrypsin-like granzyme with defined P1, P3' and P4' preferences, GZMH is useful for studying protease substrate specificity.
GZMH is a cytotoxic chymotrypsin-like serine protease. It is probably necessary for target cell lysis in cell-mediated immune responses. It also takes part in the antiviral response by cleaving several proteins essential for viral replication. It is reported to be constitutively expressed in NK cells.
HGNC lists granzyme H, previously named cathepsin G-like 2 (protein h-CCPX). Aliases and earlier symbols include CGL-2, CCP-X, CTLA1, CSP-C and CTSGL2. NCBI notes that alternative splicing yields multiple transcript variants, and at least one encodes a preproprotein that is processed into the active protease.
GZMH belongs to the peptidase S1 family, granzyme subfamily, and HGNC places it among the granule associated serine proteases of immune defence. Its gene sits in a cluster with another granzyme subfamily member on chromosome 14. No mouse or rat ortholog is given in the data supplied here.
Other granzymes, granule-associated serine proteases and cytotoxic effector proteins involved in immune defence.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P20718; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.