APOC3
APOC3 (apolipoprotein C3, also written Apo-CIII, ApoC-III or Apo-C3) is a secreted component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high density lipoprotein in plasma. It plays a multifaceted role in triglyceride homeostasis, restraining the breakdown and clearance of triglyceride-rich particles. Browse Assay Genie's current range of APOC3 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
APOC3 is a component of triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma, and the NCBI Gene summary also lists chylomicrons among the particles it associates with. It acts at more than one stage of triglyceride handling. Inside the cell, it promotes hepatic assembly and secretion of very low density lipoprotein 1 (VLDL1). Outside the cell, it attenuates hydrolysis and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs).
Mechanistically, apolipoprotein C-III impairs lipolysis of TRLs by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase, and it limits hepatic uptake of TRLs by remnant receptors. This delays catabolism of TRL remnants. Structurally, the protein is formed of several curved helices connected by semiflexible hinges. This lets it wrap tightly around the curved micelle surface and adapt to the different diameters of its natural binding partners.
The human APOC3 gene encodes a secreted protein of the apolipoprotein C3 family, and belongs to the HGNC apolipoproteins group. It sits within an apolipoprotein gene cluster on chromosome 11 together with related genes. Mutations in this gene are associated with low plasma triglyceride levels and reduced risk of ischaemic cardiovascular disease, as well as hyperalphalipoproteinemia, which is characterised by elevated HDL and HDL cholesterol in patients. Mouse and rat each have an Apoc3 ortholog.
APOC3 contributes to triglyceride homeostasis by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and delaying the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Intracellular APOC3 promotes hepatic VLDL1 assembly and secretion, making it relevant to studies of liver lipoprotein output.
Mutations in the APOC3 gene are associated with low plasma triglycerides and reduced risk of ischaemic cardiovascular disease.
APOC3 is found on HDL, and gene mutations are linked to hyperalphalipoproteinemia, with raised HDL and HDL cholesterol.
APOC3 is a plasma component of VLDL and HDL that regulates triglyceride homeostasis. Inside cells it promotes hepatic VLDL1 assembly and secretion. Outside cells it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by remnant receptors, which attenuates their hydrolysis and clearance.
The HGNC name is apolipoprotein C3, and the UniProt protein name is apolipoprotein C-III. Aliases include Apo-CIII, ApoC-III, APOCIII, Apo-C3 and ApoC-3. These all refer to the same secreted protein of the apolipoprotein C3 family.
Mutations in the APOC3 gene are associated with low plasma triglyceride levels, reduced risk of ischaemic cardiovascular disease and hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Mouse and rat both carry an Apoc3 ortholog; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other apolipoprotein C family members and lipoprotein-associated targets with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P02656; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.