ROS1
ROS1 (ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase) is a type I integral membrane receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor subfamily. Also known as MCF3, ROS and c-ros-1, it contributes to epithelial cell differentiation and signals through pathways controlling growth and survival. Browse Assay Genie's current range of ROS1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
ROS1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that plays a role in epithelial cell differentiation and in the regionalisation of the proximal epididymal epithelium. NELL2 is an endogenous ligand for ROS1. On stimulation by NELL2, ROS1 activates intracellular signalling and triggers epididymal epithelial differentiation and the subsequent maturation of sperm. Beyond this, ROS1 may activate several downstream pathways linked to cell differentiation, proliferation, growth and survival, including the PI3 kinase-mTOR pathway.
Within these pathways, ROS1 mediates the phosphorylation of PTPN11, an activator of PI3 kinase-mTOR signalling. It may also phosphorylate and activate the transcription factor STAT3 to control anchorage-independent cell growth, and it mediates the phosphorylation and activation of VAV3, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates cell morphology. Other downstream signalling proteins that ROS1 may activate include AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK3, IRS1 and PLCG2.
The ROS1 gene encodes a type I integral membrane protein with tyrosine kinase activity, located at the cell membrane. It belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, the Tyr protein kinase family and the insulin receptor subfamily, and within the sevenless subfamily of tyrosine kinase insulin receptor genes. HGNC places it in the fibronectin type III domain containing group. The proto-oncogene is highly expressed in a variety of tumour cell lines, and the protein may function as a growth or differentiation factor receptor. Earlier names include v-ros avian UR2 sarcoma virus oncogene homolog 1 and c-ros oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase.
ROS1 is a tyrosine kinase that may activate PI3 kinase-mTOR, AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK3, IRS1 and PLCG2 signalling, making it relevant to kinase pathway studies.
As a proto-oncogene highly expressed in a variety of tumour cell lines, ROS1 is studied in relation to cell growth and survival.
ROS1 signalling in response to NELL2 drives epididymal epithelial differentiation, linking the receptor to regionalisation and sperm maturation.
ROS1 phosphorylates VAV3 and may activate STAT3, connecting it to cell morphology and anchorage-independent growth.
ROS1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that supports epithelial cell differentiation, including regionalisation of the proximal epididymal epithelium. When NELL2 binds, it activates intracellular signalling and epididymal differentiation. It may also drive PI3 kinase-mTOR signalling and phosphorylate PTPN11, STAT3 and VAV3.
ROS1 is also called MCF3, ROS and c-ros-1. UniProt lists the protein as proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS. Earlier gene names include v-ros avian UR2 sarcoma virus oncogene homolog 1 and c-ros oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase, reflecting its viral oncogene homologue origins.
Mouse and rat both have a Ros1 ortholog. ROS1 is a proto-oncogene that is highly expressed in a variety of tumour cell lines. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Ligands, substrates and downstream signalling proteins linked to ROS1 receptor tyrosine kinase activity, with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P08922; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.